Exam 3 Flashcards
(84 cards)
Name 6 factors affecting the development of sport in Canada.
- first nations people
- European (British & French) colonists
- Interactions between the aboriginals and Europeans
- climate
- expansive land and multitude of geographical features
- pacific railway
Define diffusion.
- diffusion takes place when the aspects of one culture spread to another
- refers to spread of games into the settler culture and to some degree in the opposite direction too via word of mouth and observation and demonstration
What are the 3 types of diffusion?
- direct diffusion
- indirect diffusion
- forced diffusion
Define acculturation.
- The process of transformation, when a culture adopts various aspects of another culture on a large scale and becomes transformed
- facilitated by cultural/psychological change that results following meeting between cultures
- have to abandon their beliefs, practices, language, clothing, etc. and embrace something new
- “original” culture starts to get lost and the “new” culture takes over
Describe first nations and their early sporting endeavours.
- Nomadic culture, deep connection to land
- Required extreme physical fitness
Name 4 games of the Dene and Inuit.
- Wrestling & foot races
- Emphasized and developed strength, endurance & resistance to pain
- Means to share culture with other (1st Nations) groups
- Wrestling as a handshake
7 popular games of the first nations:
- Blanket toss
- Caribou chase game
- Moose-skin ball game
- Finger pull
- Ear pull
- Shinny
- Baggataway (tewaarathon or lacrosse)
5 factors that influenced sport and games in first nations:
- Religion
- Health
- Economics
- Cultural exchanges
- Social relations between tribes
Name and describe Canadian settlers.
- French Settlers
- British Officers
- Scottish immigrants
- European Settlers
- Not much time for sport
- Social recreation “bees”
Diffusion and acculturation goes _____ _____.
both ways
Settlers learned many sport skills from:
the indigenous people
What kinds of skills did the settlers learn from the indigenous people?
- habits of the animals (hunting)
- value of the snowshoe
- secrets of canoeing (both building and using)
What games did the settlers learn from the indigenous people?
- dancing
- archery
- dice
- racquet games
Describe the European settlers and the fur trade.
- Coureurs de bois (runners of the wood)
- independent entrepreneurs
- rebellious adventurers
- extremely physically fit, expert canoeists
- displaced by voyageurs
Who was in charge of physical education before 1800?
churches
What was the first system of physical education?
- 1606 initiative given by Samuel de Champlain
- “Order of Good Times” “L’Ordre de bon Temps”
- attempt to battle scurvy
Aboriginals had races and admired:
any white man (French) who could defeat a Native
Montreal is considered the _____ of organized sport
cradle
Describe Montreal prior to middle of 19th century.
- very little in the way of “organized sport”
- mostly spontaneous and loosely organized
- very few structures, clubs, teams, commercial support, leagues, etc.
Montreal was a ____________ in the early to mid 19th century.
“mecca for Canadian sport”
What happened in the mid 19th century in Montreal?
- geographical, economic, cultural, and commercial nexus
- 1851 population (58,000) grew to 250,000 by 1900
_____ ______ were instrumental in the organization of sport in early-mid 19th century Montreal.
garrison officers
Why were garrison officers instrumental in the organization of sport in early-mid 19th century Montreal?
possessed the leisure time
When was there a dramatic decline in Montreal sporting events?
when troops withdrawn from Canada for Crimean war in 1985