Exam 3

Question 1

Zygote time

Answer 1

Day 1-14

Question 2

Embryo time

Answer 2

Week 3-8

Question 3

Fetus time

Answer 3

Week 9-end of pregnancy

Question 4

What is a teratogen?

Answer 4

Any substance and environment that can have a negative impact on the pregnancy

Question 5

6 types of teratogens/examples

Answer 5

1. Malnutrition (not enough folic acid/vitamins)
2. Infectious diseases (Zica virus/STI’s)
3. Psychological drugs (caffeine or prescriptions)
4. Chronic illnesses (AIDS/cancer)
5. Environmental hazards (radiation)
6. Stress

Question 6

Rooting reflex

Answer 6

Cheek stroke and mouth open

Question 7

Moro reflex

Answer 7

Startle reflex

Question 8

Grasping reflex

Answer 8

The baby grasps your fucking hand god dammit

Question 9

Babinski reflex

Answer 9

Feet get stroked and curl

Question 10

Stepping reflex

Answer 10

Baby does a fuckin step

Question 11

Gross vs fine motor skills

Answer 11

Gross-bigger movements created by large muscles in the body (running, walking, reaching)
Fine-smaller more refined movements created by smaller muscles of the boys (picking up Cheerios)

Question 12

What do children do according to theory theory?

Answer 12

Always fuckin asking why. like bitches

Question 13

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 13

Birth-2 years
abilities -learning using senses and motor skills
Limits-object permanece

Question 14

Pre operational stage

Answer 14

2-7 years

Abilities- 
forming mental representations 
Now we can “mentally picture it” 
Pretend play develops 
Imagination shows 

Limitations-
Logical thinking 
-conservation 
-egocentric (Piaget term) 
-lack theory of mind

Question 15

Concrete operations

Answer 15

7-11 years

Abilities-
seriation ability to put things in sequential order
Decentration ability to think of multiple things at once

Limits-
Lack abstract thought

Question 16

Formal operations

Answer 16

11 years-older

Abilities-
Abstract thought
Hypothetical seductive reasoning “if then reasoning”

Limitations-
Egocentric increased meta cognition
Thinking of ourselves/others
We know everyone thinks different. We struggle to see similarities

Question 17

David Elkind two phenomena+why it plays risk taking role

Answer 17

Imaginary audience -you think you’re the center of attention you do risky things/think you’re invincible

Personal fable- rules dont apply to me cause I’m special

Question 18

Needs in basic trust vs mistrust

Answer 18

Learn to trust others will be there to fulfill their basic needs

Achieved by forming secure attachment

Question 19

Identify vs role confusion

Answer 19

Must figure out who they are and how they fit in with society

What do I wanna be when I grow up

Ethnic identity

Period of moratorium

Question 20

Characteristics securely attached infants possessed

Answer 20

Comforted by caregiver
Experience distress after separation
Use caregiver as point of security

Question 21

Sex definition

Answer 21

Anatomical differences between individuals

Question 22

Gender

Answer 22

Behavior, cultural, and emotional traits associated with being male or female

Question 23

Sexual orientation

Answer 23

Other individuals are and are not physically/emotionally attracted to

Question 24

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 24

Describes what individuals do when their attitude and behavior don’t match

Question 25

Cognitive dissonance 3 things individuals do

Answer 25

1. Change behavior 2. Justify behavior 3. Change attitude (most common)

Question 26

Choice supportive bias

Answer 26

You make a choice and continue to feel positive about it even if it was flaws (ie a job or relationship)

Question 27

Confirmation bias

Answer 27

Only hearing things and listening to info that confirms our preconceptions (ie politics and climate change)

Question 28

Ostrich effect

Answer 28

Deciding to ignore dangerous or negative information by burying once’s head in the sand

Question 29

Selective perception

Answer 29

Allowing our expeditions to influence how we perceive the world

Question 30

Stereotype

Answer 30

Representative heuristic

Question 31

Prejudice

Answer 31

Negative attitude towards others

Question 32

Discrimination

Answer 32

Negative behavior towards others

Question 33

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 33

Error tendency to attribute an individuals behavior with their personality Making assumptions w/ no context

Question 34

Events that took place in Stanford prison experiment/criticism today

Answer 34

21 participants were paid $15 a day for two weeks but lasted 6 days they were assigned to be a guard or prisoner. Argued to contain too many demand characteristics.

Question 35

Bystander effect

Answer 35

The more witnesses there are the less likely anyone is to offer help

Question 36

5 factors influencing individuals willingness to be altruistic

Answer 36

``` Lack of personal responsibility Conformity Pluralistic ignorance Inattentional blindness No connection to individual ```

Question 37

Solomon Asch study

Answer 37

Participants were told they were taking part in a perceptual task 74% of the time conformity occurred

Question 38

Soloman Asch study why did people conform?

Answer 38

Normative conformity | Information conformity

Question 39

In soloman Asch study why wouldn’t participants conform?

Answer 39

They had an ally Answers were given anonymously The participant provided his/her answer first There were less than 3 confederates