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Psychology 101 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Reliability

A

Does this instrument produce consistent results

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2
Q

Validity

A

Does this instrument measure what it was designed to measure

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3
Q

Ecological validity

A

Do the findings apply to real life?

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4
Q

Personality according to Freud

A

Byproduct of the conflict between unconscious impulses and the conscious restraints

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5
Q

3 structures of personality

A

ID- operates in the unconscious to maximize pleasure and gratification

Super ego- moral conscious that judges actions as right and wrong

Ego - resulting compromise that can be observed

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6
Q

Measuring personality

A

Rorschach year
Thematic perception
Humanistic approach

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7
Q

Big 5 factor model personalities

A 
Openness to experience 
Contentiousness
Extraversion 
Agreeableness 
Neuroticism
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8
Q

3 elements that compromise self actualization (Carl Rogers)

A

Unconditional positive regard
Empathy
Congruence

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9
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation influenced by rewards

Engage in behaviors because you’re externally rewarded (work job because you get paid)

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10
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Engaging in behavior because you find behavior enjoyable (is keeping job because you like it)

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11
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Because of prior experiences you develop external locus of control feeling that nothing they could do would help in a situation

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12
Q

Maslow Criticism

A

Individuals do not always behave strictly to his hierarchy

Is staying up all night to do homework you don’t meet the need for sleep

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13
Q

4 D’s for a psychological disorder

A

Deviancy
Distress
Danger
Dysfunctional

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14
Q

Deviancy

A

Behavior occurs infrequently in population

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15
Q

Distress

A

Behavior causes individual personal distress

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16
Q

Danger

A

Behavior can cause harm to self or someone else

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17
Q

Dysfunctional

A

Behavior impairs ability to engage in daily tasks

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18
Q

Psychological disorder beliefs Middle Ages

A

Evil spirits

Trephination putting a hole in head to ”release” evil spirits

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19
Q

DSM-V uses

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A

Predict future behavior patterns/suggest appropriate treatment

20
Q

DSM-V criticisms

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A

Variation in diagnoses reliability

Is labeling problematic?

21
Q

Anxiety disorder examples

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A

Generalized anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Phobia disorder
Social anxiety disorder

22
Q

OCD examples/types

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A

Obsessive compulsive disorder
Body dysmorphic disorder
Hoarding disorder
Hair pulling disorder

23
Q

Trauma/stressor disorder examples

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A

PTSD

Acute stress disorder

24
Q

3 common delusions experienced by people with psychological disorders

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A

Persecutory delusions-people watching me
Delusions of reference-people talking about me
Grandiose delusions-someone of high importance

25
Anxiety disorder symptoms
Individuals experience distress and or persistent anxiety Often coupled with engagement in maladaptive behavior
26
OCD symptoms
Experience recurrent thoughts that leads to engagement in maladaptive behavior
27
PTSD symptoms
Anxiety, mistrust, nightmares, social isolation, flashbacks
28
PTSD causes
Develops after experiencing a terrifying event in which physical harm occurred or was threatened Highly active amygdala Generalization of classical conditioning Genetic basis (is identical vs fraternal twins) Greater activity in anterior Cortex
29
Bio psychological approach
Sociocultural influences Psychological influences Biological influences 1950’s-now
30
MDD criteria
Depressed mood or irritable (2 consistent weeks) Decreased interest or pleasure Fatigue or loss of energy Guilt/worthlessness Concentration diminished Change in sleep (insomnia or hypersonic) Significant weight change
31
MDD brain differences
Seratonin isn’t getting sent or received properly
32
Personality disorder symptoms
Enduring pattern of behavior or inner experience that is pervasive and stable overtime May not cause stress to individual but to others
33
Positive vs negative schizophrenic symptoms
Positive - hallucinations/delusions (emotional and inappropriate) Negative - disengagement in everyday life (is less emotional)
34
What individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia experience
Disconnect from reality | Positive or negative symptoms
35
Possible schizophrenia causes
Genetic link Brian abnormalities Excess levels of dopamine Prenatal exposure to influenza virus
36
3 common treatment techniques
Psychotherapy Biomedical therapy Therapeutic lifestyle change
37
Drive reduction theory
Motivated ye to satisfy the drive by reducing “need or want” (homeostasis)
38
Arousal theory
The theory stating that we are motivated by our innate desire to maintain an optimal level of arousal (curiosity)
39
Instinct motivation
Genetic impulses designed to support survival or reproduction
40
Self determination theory
Individuals are motivated to fulfill three basic needs (competence, autonomy, and relatedness)
41
Self efficacy
Success leading to more success expectations for success (high or low)
42
Internal locus of control
Attributing success to self they feel they can control their abilities to be successful and to achieve their set goals
43
Trait perspective development/measurement
Born with your personality and doesn’t really change they’re biological in nature and stable over time -Meyers Briggs Big 5 factor model
44
Psychoanalytic perspective/measurement
Personality is by product of the conflict between unconscious impulses + the conscious restraints ``` Ink blot (Rorschach rest) Thematic apperception year (show picture of something and tell story) ```
45
Humanistic approach perspective/measurement
Personality develops from an individuals strive to reach self actualization Measurement is interviews about their ideal and real selves
46
Classic perspectives
Unclear if theories or falsifiable Both use poor instruments to measure personality Projective tests neither reliable nor valid Interviews of self valid but not reliable

Psychology 101 (3 decks)

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