Exam 3 Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Hair coat of sheep
A
wool (some hair breeds)
2
Q
Hair coat of goat
A
hair
3
Q
Tail of sheep
A
Down (often docked)
4
Q
Tail of goat
A
Up
5
Q
Horn of sheep
A
Broad- curling (if present)
6
Q
Horn of goat
A
narrow- curving
7
Q
Upper lip of sheep
A
separate lobes
8
Q
upper lip of goat
A
Continuous
9
Q
Number of genes- sheep
A
54
10
Q
Number of genes- goat
A
60
11
Q
Diet of sheep
A
grazing- grasses and legumes-weeds
12
Q
Diet of goat
A
Browsing- leaves, twigs, vines, forbs, fruit, nuts
13
Q
Intact male sheep
A
Ram
14
Q
Castrated male sheep
A
Wether
15
Q
Female sheep
A
Ewe
16
Q
All young sheep
A
Lambs
17
Q
Estrous cycle of sheep
A
17 days
18
Q
What type of breeders are sheep
A
Seasonal breeders- short day (mate when days get shorter)
19
Q
Estrus of sheep
A
30 hours
20
Q
Gestation of sheep
A
147 days
21
Q
puberty of sheep
A
6-8 months
22
Q
Wool sheep
A
- Thin diameter
- midwest and west (not past bc humility)
23
Q
Examples of wool sheep
A
Navajo (churro), Rambouillet, Romney
24
Q
Meat sheep
A
- Carcass and growth characteristics
- medium wool (black throughout)
- large 250-400 Ibs
- Farm flock- Midwest, Northeast
25
Examples of Meat sheep
Suffolk, Hampshire, Southdown
26
Hair breeds sheep
- Meat
- Leather
- Subtropical to tropical environment
- adapted to hot and humid environment
- parasite and disease resistance
27
Examples of Hair sheep
barbados blackbelly, Katahdin
28
When does shearing occur
Prior to lambing but after winter
| 1 time/year
29
Lanolin oil
oil from wool used in hand creams and face cream cosmetics
30
Lamb meat
young
31
Mutton
older more flavor
32
What are the two issues with sheep meat consumption
1. Conditioned aversion= related to WWII
| 2. Associated with Christmas and Easter- opposite market
33
What is a life cycle of a sheep?
Day 0 (breeding) --> Day 147 (lambing)--> Day 200 (weaning) --> Day 260 (market) --> Day 365/0 (breeding)
34
What is breeding season for a sheep?
September-November
35
When is lambing?
March- April
36
When does castration, vaccination, and docking of the tail occur?
2-3 weeks after birth
37
What is market
slaughter
38
Wool breeds of sheep
- Thin diameter
- midwest & west (not past bc humility)
- large flocks
39
Examples of sheep wool breeds
Romney, Navajo, Rambouillet
40
Meat Breeds of sheep
- Carcass and growth characteristics
- Medium Wool
- Large 250-400 ibs
- Farm flock (Midwest, Northeast)
41
Examples of sheep meet breeds
Suffolk, Hampshire, Southdown
42
What are three issues with sheep wool
1. synthetic fibers (cheaper)
2. lower number of shepards
3. Predation
43
Partition- goat
kidding
44
intact male- goat
bill
45
Castrated male- goat
Wether
46
Female- goat
nanny
47
young- goat
kid
48
Breeding time- goats
seasonal breeder- short day
49
Estrous cycle- goats
21 days
50
Estrus- goats
24 hours
51
Gestation- goats
150 days
52
puberty- goats
5-7 months
53
Fiber type- goats
Angora goats, Cashmere "down"
54
Dairy goats
Nubian- Great Britain, middle east/ Africa
Alpine- france
La mancha
55
Agriculture cooperatives
legalized monopolies, buy shares from amount of milk produced, purpose: make sure producers have an avenue to continue to produce food, control supply
56
grades of milk
grade of dairy
57
Grade A milk
Milk can be used for fluid and processed products, SCC low: no infection
58
SCC
somatic cell count
59
Grade B milk
only for processed food high scc
60
Level of SCC
management and how well animals are taken care of
61
processing of milk: Pasteurization
Flash heating/cooking of milk
| 39---> 160--->39
62
purpose of pasteurization
destroy all potential pathogens
(denature protein)
some hormones= proteins:bST
63
Homogenization
change the fat distribution in milk
| Milk-->high pressure-->force through "atomizer" plate w microscopic holes--> disperses fat into microscopic particles
64
mammary gland
individual milk synthesis
65
utter
collected term for mammary glands when connected by tissue
66
alveoli
individual milk synthesis structures
67
lactating cells
produce milk
68
myoepithelial cell
smooth muscle cells, contract to squeeze milk out
69
milk let down
approbate stimulus --> release oxtoincin --> Blood --> stimulates myoepihelial cells --> alveoli --> contraction --> mammory gland
70
Dairy with a 13-15 mo interval
1) rebreeding- peaking production can interfere with rebreeding, hard to conceive with peak production stress
2) milk threshold for profit
71
Milk production process
1) enter milking parlor
2) Wash/dry utter (clean/stimulate oxytocin release)
3) Pre-milking teat dip (food grade anapestic
4) strip test- monitor milk appearance ( bacteria, CMT (California mastitis test))
5) Attach "claw" milking unit 5-8 minutes
6) post milking teat dip- protect street canal and mammary gland from bacteria entry
72
Sire summaries
predicted performance if you used this sire on your herd (AI)
73
What info do you need for sire summaries?
1) average w/in breed
| 2) compared to the average of your breed
74
What are the two way to sex semen?
1) charge of DNA (X has more DNA making it more negative)
| 2) Race track ( X sperm should be heavier)
75
bST
bovine Somatotropin
1) increases metabolism (availability of nutrients)
2) increase lipolysis( breakdown of fat
76
Why is bST no longer used
Social pressure & in Dr. G opinion dairy cattle are already pushed too hard, more complication if bST is used
77
Partition- cattle
calving
78
intact male- cattle
Bull
79
castrated male- cattle
steer
80
female- cattle
cow
81
young male-cattle
Bull calf
82
young female- cattle
heifer
83
all young- cattle
calves
84
Robert Bakewell
father of animal breeding (selective breeding)
85
Steps in selective breeding
1) define objectives
2) select parents- like to like
3) Evaluate offsprings- selection of parents for the next generation
86
Synthetics
breeds created from cross breeding other breeds
87
Purebred
defined set of characteristics (traits) passed from parent to offspring
88
genetics
"genes" that define traits that are passed to offspring
89
European- Bos taurus
```
Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn
Moderate size
cooler
good carcass
maternal- repo & raising offspring
```
90
Continental- Bos taurus
European = Charlois, Simmental, limousine
large size 6'
multipurpose: meat, milk, draft
91
Zebu- Bos indicus
```
Moderate to large size
multipurpose- meat, draft, milk
subtropical/tropical
-heat tolerance
-disease
-insect resistance
```
92
Steps in beef supply chain
1) pure breeders
2) cow calf
3) stocker
4) feedlot
5) packers
