Exam 3

Question 1

Visceral and Somatic nociceptive afferents often synapse onto the same second order neurons. (true/false)

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Third order neurons have receptive fields. (true/false)

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Somatic information without reference to modality is useless to the cerebral cortex. (true/false)

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Stopping a constant backward motion causes the same effect in the utricle as starting a forward motion. (true/false)

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Tilting your head to the right causes the stereocilia of all the hair cells in the utricle to deflect away form the kinocilium. (true/false)

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Which type of neurons are longer in the sympathetic system?

Answer 6

Post-ganglionic neurons

Question 7

Photoreceptors that synapse onto on-center bipolar cells release more glutamate when?

Answer 7

In the dark

Question 8

In the dark, off-center ganglion cells fire more or fewer action potentials?

Answer 8

More

Question 9

Endolymph is high in Sodium or Potassium?

Answer 9

Potassium

Question 10

Lower frequency sounds cause the basilar membrane to vibrate near the…

Answer 10

Helicotrema

Question 11

Opening a potassium channel in a hair cell causes it to…

Answer 11

Depolarize

Question 12

Warm thermoreceptors are thought to depolarize in response to what change in membrane fluidity?

Answer 12

Increases

Question 13

Which cells are the innermost in the retina?

Answer 13

Ganglion cells

Question 14

What is proprioception?

Answer 14

Detection of the position and movement of our body

Question 15

Different colors of light are perceived based on…

Answer 15

Light wavelength

Question 16

What happens to the ciliary muscles and the lens for near vision?

Answer 16

Ciliary muscles contract

Lens gets fatter

Question 17

How is the intensity of stimulus coded by sensory afferents?

Answer 17

By frequency of action potentials

Question 18

Where does somatic sensation originate?

Answer 18

Skin
Skeletal Muscle
Joints
Bones

Question 19

What receptor is on the on-center ganglion cells?

Answer 19

AMPA

Question 20

What receptor is on off-center bipolar cells?

Answer 20

AMPA

Question 21

What happens if a membrane is near resting membrane potential when a NMDA channel opens?

Answer 21

Magnesium blocks the channel

Question 22

What are the most common receptors for bitter on taste cells?

Answer 22

Gq protein-coupled receptors

Question 23

What nerve innervates the taste cells on the bottom of the tongue?

Answer 23

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Question 24

What is the receptor on the on-bipolar cells?

Answer 24

mGluR6

Question 25

What do free nerve endings detect?

Answer 25

Temperature and pain

Question 26

Hemisection to which side of the T8 spinal cord would result in loss of pain sensation from the left side and touch from the right leg?

Answer 26

Right-sided hemisection

Question 27

Which way does the stereocilia of the hair cells deflect in the utricle during leftward acceleration?

Answer 27

To the right

Question 28

The information from which sense does not have to go through the thalamus to be consciously perceived?

Answer 28

Olfaction

Question 29

What do odorants bind to?

Answer 29

G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Question 30

What binds to the ion channel in olfactory neurons to cause it to open and depolarize the cell?

Answer 30

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Question 31

What nucleus in the thalamus perceives auditory information?

Answer 31

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

Question 32

What nucleus in the thalamus perceives vision information?

Answer 32

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Question 33

Which cranial nerve innervates the lacrimal glands?

Answer 33

Facial Nerve (VII)

Question 34

Approximately how many types of receptors are in olfaction?

Answer 34

~1,000 receptors

Question 35

Calcium binding proteins decrease the amount of calcium that can be stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (true/false)

Answer 35

False

Question 36

In response to a single action potential in a skeletal muscle cell, enough calcium enters the sarcoplasm to saturate troponin. (true/false)

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Angling the stereocilia of a hair cell toward the kinocilium causes the cell to...

Answer 37

Depolarize

Question 38

When stopping from a constant backward speed, the stereocilia of the hair cells in the utricle are deflected...

Answer 38

Backward

Question 39

When light passes from a fast medium into a slow medium, it will be bent toward a light perpendicular or parallel to the interface?

Answer 39

Perpendicular to the interface

Question 40

What receptors can ethanol activate?

Answer 40

Warm receptors

Question 41

Which window does the Scala Tympani attach to?

Answer 41

Round Window

Question 42

The fluid in T-tubules is high in...

Answer 42

Sodium

Question 43

Which ossicle is the Tensor Tympani connected to?

Answer 43

Malleus

Question 44

What is called "photopigment"?

Answer 44

Rhodopsin

Question 45

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

Answer 45

Parietal Lobe