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exam 3: bone Flashcards

1
Q

formed as a result of attachment of the PDL fibers and passage of vessels and nerves into and out of the PDL

A

cribiform plate
(alveolar bone proper)

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1
Q

this term refers to that bone in which sharpey’s fibers(PDL) are embedded

A

bundle bone

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2
Q

immature bone in which the colagen fiber matrix is randomly oriented.
this type of bone is generally newly formed or deals with healing wounds

A

woven bone

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3
Q

3 things that make woven bone better than mature bone:

A

more cells per unit area
greater volume of non-collagenous protein
forms more rapidly than mature bone

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4
Q

trabecular bone that lies between the cortical plates and within the marrow spaces

A

spongiosa (aka cancellous)

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5
Q

supporting alveolar bone:

A

facial and lingual cortical plates:
lamellar bone
haversian bone
interstitial bone

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6
Q

bone is ____% inorganic and ___% organic

A

67% inorganic
33% organic

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7
Q

inorganic portion of bone

A

ca hydroxyapatite

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8
Q

organic portions of bone:

A

28% collagen and 5% oestocalcin, sialoprotein, phosphoprotein, osteonectin, BMP

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9
Q

cells associated with bone:
1
2
3
4
5
6

A
  1. osteoblast
  2. osteocytes
  3. bone lining cells
  4. chondroblasts
  5. chondrocytes
  6. mesenchymal cells
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10
Q

osteoblast that has been entrapped by it’s own osteoid matrix

A

osteocyte

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11
Q

radiate in all directions and allow diffusion of substances throughout bone

A

canaliculi

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12
Q

processes of the osteocytes travel within the _____ and connect to other osteocytes/osteoblasts allowing cell-to-cell communication. may have some mechanoreception properties as well

A

canaliculi

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13
Q

dense connective tissue, bound to bone by sharpey’s fibers that contains blood vessels, nerves, and three cell layers

A

periosteum

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14
Q

periosteum

-peripheral cell layer of:
-intermediate cell layer of:
-proximal cell layer of:

A

-peripheral cell layer of: fibroblasts
-intermediate cell layer of: undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
-proximal cell layer of: osteoblasts

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15
Q

lines the meduallary cavity and cancellous bone(trabeculae).

thinner than periosteum

A

endosteum

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16
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
fibrillar: ubiquitous in distribution

A

type I

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17
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
fibrillar: primarily a cartilage protein

A

type II

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18
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
fibrillar: granulation and mesenchymal tissues

A

type III

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19
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
fibrillar: stromal connective tissue and promotes celllular attachment and migration

A

type V

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20
Q

(collagen proteins associated with bone)
growth plate: facilitates conversion of cartilage to bone

A

type X

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21
Q

non collagenous proteins associated with bone matrix:
(like 11 answers)

A

osteonectin
osteopontin
osteocalcin
sialoprotein
phosphoprotein
glycoprotein
proteoglycan
bone specific protein
bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)
carboxyglutamic acid containing protein

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22
Q

the non-collagenous matrix proteins of bone are characterized by their:

A

highly acidic nature
high aggregation tendencies
calcium binding properties

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23
Q

process of osteoclast resorption and bone replacement by osteoblast activity.
mostly see in areas of alveolar bone affected by orthodontics

A

in-situ remodeling

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24
bone formation within or between connective tissue membranes consisting of Type I collagen. bone does NOT replace cartilage as does endochondral bone
intramembranous bone formation
25
bone formation within hyaline cartilage that involves a concomitant replacement of the cartilage framework by bone
endochondral bone formation
26
this type of bone formation is found in the inner SPONGY layers of bone, as well as sutures. It is an extremely rapid and disorganized method of bone deposition and allows for growth of the tissues surrounding it
intramembranous -bone formation
27
this is an example of intramembranous bone growth
woven bone
28
these cells secrete matrix vesicles that mineralize surrounding collagen fibers. they usually become trapped themselves, becoming osteocytes.
osteoblasts
29
5 contents of matrix vesicles:
pyrophosphatase alkaline phosphatase!!!!!!!! glycoproteins phosphoproteins phospholipids
30
this bone formation is mostly seen in the vertebrae, long bones, base of skill, and head of mandible
endochondral
31
these cells make the general outline of the final bone shape. these cells differentiate into cartilage cells (chondroblasts)
mesenchymal cells
32
mesenchymal cells differentiate into _____ cells which increase in size, secrete collagen and mineralize it with matrix vesicles
chondroblasts (cartilage cells) during endochondral -bone formation
33
(bone formation-endochondral) newly formed chondrocytes eventually die. vascular tissue from the surrounding _____ invades the cartilage, allowing chondrocytes and mesenchymal cells to enter the area. _____ cells eat away cartilage and newly differentiated osteoblasts deposit _____ onto the cartilage. this is mineralized by osteocytes and bone is made. the growth of these bones is dependant on the growth of the _____ and stops once the cartilage has been:
perichondrium chondrocytes osteoids cartilage removed
34
zones of cellular activity: 1 2 3 4 5 6
reserve or resting chondrocytes proliferation maturation hypertrophy and calcification cartilage degeneration osteogenesis
35
bone metabolism is controlled systemically by: locally by:
systemically: hormones locally: mechanical factors, growth factors, cytokines
36
hormones important to bone metabolism include: 1 2 3 4 5
PTH 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D calcitonin estrogen glucocorticoids
37
IL-1 IL-6 BMP-2 and BMP-7 TGF IGF-1 I and IGF-II platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) fibroblast growth factor-betaFGF
cytokines and growth factors important to bone metabolism
38
under conditions that favor bone resorption, osteoblasts can be stimulated by cytokines and hormones to produce____ which in turn promotes differentiation of osteoclasts. examples of stimulating cytokines include:
IL-6 IL-II TNF (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) parathyroid hormone PTH 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
39
osteoclastic resorption of bone involves the creation of a localized acidic pH to demineralize ______ and a variety of enzymes that degrade the organic bone matrix. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7`
hydroxyapatite (osteoclast mediated resorption) lactic acid citric acid free protons (H+) acid phosphatase arycl sulfatase collagenase MMP gelatinase MMP
40
CO2 + H2O -> HCO3- + H+ reaction is catalyzed by
carbonic anhyrase
41
architecture (shape) of the tooth-associated FACIAL AND LINGUAL cortical bone is dictate by: 1 2 3 4
facial-lingual alignment of teeth mesial to distal contour of the CEJ facial-lingual width of teeth presence of enamel pearls or cervical enamel projections
42
architecture (shape) of the INTERPROXIMAL alveolar bone is dictated by: 1 2 3 4 5
facial to lingual contour of the CEJ mesial or distal tilt of the tooth root proximity presence of enamel pearls state of tooth eruption
43
an isolated "port-hole" in the cortical bone that allows exposure of the underlying root surface
fenestration
44
denuded area of cortical bone that extends through the marginal bone creating a "cleft-like" defect
dehiscence
45
area of bone formation that exceeds the average for a given anatomical area. the term is generally used in reference to the maxillary facial and lingual and mandibular facial
exostosis
46
an area of bone formation that exceeds the average for a given anatomical area. the term is used in reference to the mandibular lingual or midline of the palate
torus/tori
47
asymptomatic-causing painless expansion of bone single lesion either multi or unilocular (often confused with ameloblastoma or periapical granuloma or periapical cyst)
giant cell tumor
48
histology characterized by presence of numerous multinucleated giant cells in a stroma of ovoid and spindle shaped mesenchymal cells
giant cell tumor
49
malignancy of plasma cell origin that accounts for nearly 50% of all malignancies involving bone
multiple myeloma
50
in multiple myeloma, the abnormal plasma cells are typically
monoclonal (arise from a single cell)
51
patients with this suffer kidney failure due to overload of circulating light chain protein (bence jones protein!!) produced by the abnormal plasma cells
multiple myeloma
52
histology of this shows monotonous sheets of neoplastic, variably differentiated, plasmacytoid cells that invade and replace normal host tissue
multiple myeloma
53
"punched out" areas in the cranium such areas are filled with the neoplastic plasmacytoid cells
multiple myeloma
54
malignancy of mesenchymal cells that have the ability to produce osteoid or immature bone
osteogenic sarcoma
55
radiographic findings vary from dense sclerosis to a mixed sclerotic-radiolucent lesion. about 25% of lesions exhibit a sunburst pattern
osteogenic sarcoma
56
enbryonic origin of enamel dentin cementum bone
enamel- ectoderm dentin- mesenchyme and ectosenchyme cementum- mesenchyme and ectomesenchyme bone- mesenchyme and ectomesenchyme
57
matrix forming cell enamel dentin cementum bone
ameloblast odontoblast cementoblast osteoblast
58
mechanism of growth enamel dentin cementum bone
appositional bone- appositional and interstitial
59
% mineral enamel dentin cementum bone
enamel 96% dentin 65-70% cementum 45-50% bone 60-67%
60
blood supply enamel dentin cementum bone
all none but bone yes
61
innervation enamel dentin cementum bone
all none but bone yes
62
intercellular space enamel dentin cementum bone
enamel- none dentin- dentinal tubules cementum- lacunae and canaliculi bone- lacunae and canaliculi

histopath (13 decks)

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