Exam 3 Book Questions

Question 1

If trunk neural crest cells are transplanted into the cranial region, they can form all of the following types of cells except:

Pigment cells 
Schwann cells 
Sensory neurons 
Cartilage 
Autonomic neurons

Answer 1

Cartilage

Question 2

The otic placode arises through an inductive message given off by the:

Telencephalon 
Rhombencephalon 
Infundibulum 
Diencephalon 
Mesencephalon

Answer 2

Rhombencephalon

Question 3

The second pharyngeal arch contributes to the:

Cochlea and earlobe 
Auditory tube and incus 
Stapes and earlobe 
Auditory tube and stapes 
Otic vesicle and stapes

Answer 3

Stapes and earlobe

Question 4

The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) supplies muscles derived from which pharyngeal arch?

First 
Second 
Third 
Fourth 
Sixth

Answer 4

Second

Question 5

In cases of holoprosencephaly, defects of facial structures are typically secondary to defects of the:

Pharynx 
Oral cavity 
Forebrain 
Eyes 
Hindbrain

Answer 5

Forebrain

Question 6

Meckel’s cartilage is a prominent structure in the early formation of the:

Upper jaw 
Hard palate 
Nasal septum 
Soft palate 
Lower jaw

Answer 6

Lower Jaw

Question 7

An early induction in tooth development consists of the ectoderm of the dental epithelium acting on the underlying neural crest mesenchyme. Which of the following molecules is an important mediator of the inductive stimulus?

BMP-4 
Tenascin 
Hoxb-13 
Msx-1 
Syndecan

Answer 7

BMP-4

Question 8

Which condition is most closely associated with a disturbance of neural crest?

Anal atresia
Meckel’s diverticulum 
Omphalocele 
Volvulus 
Aganglionic megacolon

Answer 8

Aganglionic megacolon

Question 9

Meckel’s diverticulum is most commonly located in the:

Ileum
Ascending colon 
Jejunum 
Transverse colon 
Duodenum

Answer 9

Ileum

Question 10

The primordium of which structure is located in the septum transversum?

Dorsal pancreas 
Lung 
Liver 
Thymus 
Spleen

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

The yolk stalk is most closely associated with which artery?

Celiac 
Umbilical 
Superior mesenteric 
Aorta 
Inferior mesenteric

Answer 11

Superior Mesenteric

Question 12

The dorsal pancreatic bud is initially induced from the gut endoderm by the:

Liver 
Notochord 
Lung bud 
Yolk sac 
None of the above

Answer 12

Notochord

Question 13

Splanchnic mesoderm acts as an inducer of all of the following tissues or organs except:

Teeth 
Trachea 
Liver 
Lungs 
Pancreas

Answer 13

Teeth

Question 14

Which of the following does not connect directly with the primary nephric (mesonephric) duct?

Metanephros
Cloaca 
Nephrotomes 
Mesonephric tubules 
Ureteric bud

Answer 14

Metanephros

Question 15

Which association is correct?

Potter’s facies and hydramnios
Urachal fistula and hydramnios
Horseshoe kidney and superior mesenteric artery
GDNF and metanephrogenic blastema
Bilateral renal agenesis and compensatory hypertrophy

Answer 15

GDNF and metanephrogenic blastema

Question 16

Which defect is strongly associated with oligohydramnios?

Pelvic kidney
Renal agenesis
Horseshoe kidney
Crossed ectopia
Polycystic kidney

Answer 16

Renal agenesis

Question 17

Which anomaly is most closely associated with exstrophy of the bladder?

Epispadias 
Renal agenesis 
Anal atresia
Pelvic kidney 
Ectopic ureteral orifice

Answer 17

Epispadias

Question 18

The uterus arises from the:

Paramesonephric ducts 
Urogenital sinus 
Mesonephric tubules
Pronephric ducts 
Mesonephric ducts

Answer 18

Paramesonephric ducts

Question 19

The floor of the penile urethra in the male is homologous to what structure in the female?

Clitoris
Trigone of the bladder
Labia majora 
Labia minora
Perineum

Answer 19

Labia Minora

Question 20

Nucleated erythrocytes found circulating in the embryo are produced in the:

Yolk sac 
Para-aortic clusters 
Liver 
Bone marrow 
None of the above

Answer 20

Yolk Sac

Question 21

In a 7-month fetus, blood draining the left temporalis muscle enters the heart via the:

Left anterior cardinal vein 
Coronary sinus 
Left common cardinal vein 
Superior vena cava 
None of the above

Answer 21

Superior Vena Cava

Question 22

Adherons are inductive particles released by what structure in the endocardial cushion area?

Endocardium
Cardiac jelly
Myocardium 
Epicardium 
None of the above

Answer 22

Myocardium

Question 23

Neural crest contributes to the structure of which of the following?

Truncus arteriosus
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary trunk 
All of the above 
None of the above

Answer 23

All of the above

Question 24

For which of these cardiovascular malformations is a patent ductus arteriosus necessary for survival of the individual?

Atrial septal defect 
Ventricular septal defect 
Double aortic arch 
Right subclavian artery from arch of aorta 
None of the above

Answer 24

None of the above

Question 25

Five days after birth, an infant becomes cyanotic during a prolonged crying spell. The cyanosis is most likely caused by venous blood entering the systemic circulation through the: ``` Interatrial septum Ductus arteriosus Ductus venosus Umbilical vein Interventricular septum ```

Answer 25

Interarterial Septum

Question 26

The internal carotid artery arises from aortic arch number: ``` 1 2 3 4 5 ```

Answer 26

3

Question 27

The ligamentum teres is the postnatal remains of the: ``` Ductus arteriosus Ductus venosus Umbilical vein Umbilical artery Urachus ```

Answer 27

Umbilical vein

Question 28

Insufficient production of which of the following is a major cause of poor viability of infants born 24 to 26 weeks after conception? ``` Pulmonary surfactant α-Fetoprotein Meconium Lanugo Urine ```

Answer 28

Pulmonary Surfactant

Question 29

Meconium is formed in the fetal: ``` Liver Ileum Lungs Amniotic fluid Kidneys ```

Answer 29

Ileum

Question 30

Which organ is much larger in the fetus than it is shortly after birth? ``` Kidneys Heart Liver Urinary bladder Adrenal gland ```

Answer 30

Adrenal Gland

Question 31

Fetal movements usually can first be detected by ultrasound at how many weeks? ``` 6 8 10 12 14 ```

Answer 31

8

Question 32

What blood vessel is commonly used for exchange transfusions in newborns? ``` Umbilical artery Jugular vein Femoral artery Umbilical vein None of the above ```

Answer 32

Umbilical Vein