Exam 3: Cannabinoids

Question 1

Where does Cannabis originate?

Answer 1

Cannabis Sativa, Indica, Ruderalis

Question 2

What is one compound for Cannabis?

Answer 2

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or Delta-9-THC

Question 3

In what ways can cannabis composition vary?

Answer 3

They can vary depending on the variety of plant, the region it was grown in, how mature it is, and the part of the plant that was sampled

Question 4

Explain the Legality of Marijuana (Federal vs. State)

Answer 4

Federally Marijuana is a Schedule I drug meaning that it is not accepted for medical use and has a high potential to be abused. However, as of 2021, state legislation is changing for marijuana to be used either recreationally or medicinally. Some states are still pending on their legislation

Question 5

What are some medical uses that cannabis can be used for?

Answer 5

1. Anti-asthmatic
2. Muscle relaxant
3. Anti-seizure
4. Analgesic (Pain Relief)
   Anti- Depressant

Question 6

Outline the Administration of Cannabis:

Answer 6

Can be administered orally or Inhaled

Question 7

If administered Orally, explain the absorption of THC/ How does it differ from Inhalation administration?

Answer 7

Orally there will be about 25 to 30 % absorbed. Inhalation will have 50 to 80 % absorbed

Question 8

Explain the distribution(absorption) of THC both from Oral and Inhaled administration

Answer 8

If THC is administered orally the effects will happen around the 30 minutes to 2-hour mark while the effects will be almost immediate from inhalation with peak effects happening around the 5 to 10-minute mark.

Delta-9-THC is highly lipid soluble meaning that it will cross the blood brain barrier and can be distributed to tissues

Question 9

What characteristic of Delta-9-THC makes it that it has a long elimination rate?

Answer 9

It has the ability to be stored in Fat cells within the body

Question 10

If orally administered, why is the absorption rate so low?

Answer 10

It immediately goes to the liver (first pass metabolism)

Question 11

Within fat cells when is peak concentration usually seen? What is the half life after that peak concentrtion?

Answer 11

Within 4 to 5 days and the half-life will be about 7 days after that

Question 12

How is THC eliminated from the body

Answer 12

Primarily through the feces

Question 13

Our body has naturally occurring NT that bind to cannabinoid receptors, what are they classified as and what are their specific names?

Answer 13

They are classified as Endocannabinoids

Anandamide and 2-AG

Question 14

How are the endocannabinoids terminated

Answer 14

Anandamide is terminated via FAAH while 2-AG is terminated via monoacyl-glycerol lipase

Question 15

Which one of the cannabinoid receptors are the most abundant in the brain?

Answer 15

CB1 Receptor

Question 16

Physiologically what are some of the effects of THC?

Answer 16

1. An increase in heart rate
2. Reddening of the eyes
3. Increase of appetite
4. Heart Palpitations
   Dryness of the throat

Question 17

What are some behavioral effects when using THC in low doses ?

Answer 17

Mild Memory deficits
loss of sustained attention
Relaxation
Impaired motor coordination

Question 18

At higher doses, what are some behavioral effects we will see?

Answer 18

Paranoia and Hallucinations
Acute depressive reactions
Impaired time perception

Question 19

here is no research backing this theory but what is the term used to describe a persistent lack of motivation to engage in productive activities?

Answer 19

Amotivational syndrome

Question 20

Subjective effects of THC use?

Answer 20

A Buzz from a low dose
Euphoria from a moderate dose
Stoned from a high dose

Question 21

What term describes usign cannabisi more than originally intended and having cravings

Answer 21

Cannabis use disorder

Question 22

Are there any observable withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Can psychological dependence occur?

Answer 23

Yes, but only in a very small number of users

Question 24

How is CB1 different from CB2?

Answer 24

CB1 receptor is primarily found in the brain while CB2 is found in the periphery of the body. CB2 will be found on glial cells in the brain while CB1 is primarily presynaptically

Question 25

What are some of the risks associated with cannabis use?

Answer 25

Within the immune system, there may be a decrease in resistance to certain pathogens. In the respiratory system, there is restricted airflow in and out of the lungs. in the reproductive system, men may find a decrease in testosterone levels and a lower sperm count while women may have non-ovulatory menstrual cycles