Exam 3 chapter 12

Question 1

trayvon martin

Answer 1

17, holding a bag of skittles, was followed, shot by police, zimmerman went on trial not found guilty by 6 ww and 1 hispanic, judge didnt allow voice analysis experts to testify

Question 2

mathematical model of decision making (meter model)

Answer 2

pieces of evidence presented are represented as numerical weights that shift the mental meter in one direction or the other. not realistic

Question 3

story model of decision making

Answer 3

jurors create stores to make sense of the evidence presented at trial. Need to complete the motivations and other events to complete the story. they select the verdict that best fits with the story they constructed

Question 4

the ____ of the relevant evidence is the ____ predictor of a jury verdict

Answer 4

1) strength
2) best

Question 5

liberation hypothesis

Answer 5

in most trials, the verdicts are determined by the compelling evidence. however, where the evidence is ambiguous, jurors dont use it so much. theyll base their decision on past experiences, beliefs, and prejudices

Question 6

people who fit criminal stereotypes are treated ____ _____ than someone who doesn’t fit the stereotype

Answer 6

more harshly

Question 7

inadmissible evidence

Answer 7

information that might be prejudicial

Question 8

ironic processes

Answer 8

when we make an effort not to think about something, the thing usually dominates our thoughts

Question 9

reactance theory

Answer 9

people are motivated to maintain thier freedom, the judge telling them to ignore evidence seems to threaten that

Question 10

even though a piece of evidence is legally ____, jurors ___ use the info if they feel like it ____ them to make the right decisoion

Answer 10

1) inadmissible
2) will
3) helps

Question 11

impeachment evidence

Answer 11

meant to damage the credibility of a witness

Question 12

when the testimony is ____, its only persuasive if the credentials are strong

Answer 12

complex

Question 13

The presence of ____ jurors motivated ____ jurors to moderate their ____ ____ during deliberation

Answer 13

1) black
2) white
3) racial biases

Question 14

strong jurors

Answer 14

jurors who seem to have a disproportionate influence on the deliberation process

Question 15

leniency bias

Answer 15

in evenly split, its more likely that the final verdict will be lenient

Question 16

verdict driven style

Answer 16

immediately taking a vote after deliberations start rather than orienting the discussion around the verdict options

Question 17

evidence driven style

Answer 17

the first vote is postponed until after they discuss the evidence

Question 18

postponing the vote procedures produces ____ ______ _____ because people aren’t worried about defending their position after the first vote

Answer 18

more probing discussions

Question 19

informational inlfuence

Answer 19

they change their opinions because other jurors make compelling arguments

Question 20

normative influence

Answer 20

give into group pressure

Question 21

in punitive decisions, _____ is used. In decisions like how much fines should be awarded, _____ is used

Answer 21

1) informational
2) normative

Question 22

hung juries

Answer 22

groups that don’t reach a unanimous verdict and never reach reconciliation

Question 23

stages in the deliberation process

Answer 23

orientation, open conflict, reconciliation

Question 24

the 3 most vocal people use about ____ of the deliberation time

Answer 24

50%

Question 25

______ of the deliberation time is devoted to _____

Answer 25

70-75%

evidence

Question 26

williams v florida 70

Answer 26

armed robbery, convicted by a 6 person jury, supreme court ruled that it was permissible

Question 27

ballew v gerogia 78

Answer 27

5 person juries are too small, 6 person is the minimum

however, their findings were wrong, larger juries are better

Question 28

burch v louisana

Answer 28

if 6 ppl are used, decisions have to be unanimous

Question 29

___ states now require unanimity in misdemeanors, ____ require it in felony cases, ____ required in murder

Answer 29

26
44
always

Question 30

dynamite charge

Answer 30

breaks the deadlock in hung juries, asked to reexamine their opinions

Question 31

jury nullification

Answer 31

base thier verdicts on reasoning that ignores, disregards, or goes beyond the law

judges almost never say they can do this

Question 32

moderate reformers

Answer 32

we have a good system

like allowing jurors to take notes during. trials

Question 33

radical reformers

Answer 33

believe the system is badly broken and have called for big reforms

like replacing juries with a panel of judges

Question 34

preinstructions

Answer 34

before trial begins, reading instructions to the jurors so they can think on it while they hear the evidence

Question 35

allowing jury discussion during trial

Answer 35

could help correct misunderstandings prior to formal deliberations, isnt found to impact the outcome of the trial

Question 36

judges as decision makers

Answer 36

still affected by inadmissible evidence

personal characteristics affect them

when juries and judges disagree, juries are more lenient, but they agree most of the time

Question 37

which states require judges to preinstruct juries?

Answer 37

arizona, Colorado, indiana