Exam 3 chapter 16

Question 1

when does sentencing happen?

Answer 1

after conviction, before punishment

Question 2

internal causes

Answer 2

personality or free choice

Question 3

external causes

Answer 3

powerful situational or environmental forces

Question 4

two dimensions of perceived cause

Answer 4

controllability and stability

Question 5

controllability

Answer 5

refers to whether to not a behavior appears to have been under the control of the person

Question 6

stability

Answer 6

whether the cause of a behavior appears to be temporary (unstable) or permanent (stable)

Question 7

crimes that are ____, less _____, and _____ may get more ____

Answer 7

1) external
2) controllable
3) sympathy

Question 8

_____ and _____ younger ____ receive ____ sentences

Answer 8

hispanic
black
males
harsher

Question 9

sentencing guidelines

Answer 9

list factors that are considered when determining a sentence

ex: type of crime, viciousness of crime, prior criminal record, circumstances of the crime, average sentences of similar crimes

Question 10

determinate sentencing

Answer 10

requires judges to hand down a sentence that falls within a prespecified range if a defendant is found guilty of a particular rime

Question 11

sentencing reform act of 1984

Answer 11

judges, lawyers, and legislators comission was established to develip sentenicing guidelines

critics say that its unnecesairly complex and rigid

requires judges to consult a grid

Question 12

United states v booker 05

Answer 12

allowed for some flexibility in using the federal guidelines

guidelines are now advisory not mandatory

increased racial disparity in sentencing

Question 13

three strikes laws

Answer 13

criminals recieve a life sentence when convicted of a third felony

Question 14

parole

Answer 14

releasing inmates from prison under supervision of a parole officer before their entire sentence has been served

Question 15

probation

Answer 15

withholding a prison sentence and releasing the criminal to be supervised by a probation officer in the community

Question 16

jails

Answer 16

short-term holding cells operated by cities or counties and administered by local authorities. sometimes used for misdemeanors

Question 17

prisons

Answer 17

hold convicted criminals for long periods of time

Question 18

federal prisons

Answer 18

people who break federal law

Question 19

club feds

Answer 19

nonviolent drug charges and white collar crime. few fences, guards, and cellblocks. few restrictions

Question 20

supermax prisons

Answer 20

serious criminals or those with behaviorial problems

Question 21

ashker v brown, 2014

Answer 21

restricted the use of extreme isolation to a 5 year limit

Question 22

goals if inprisonment

Answer 22

incapacitation, deterrence, retribution, rehab

Question 23

the 1800s

Answer 23

wanted to rehab, built prisons in NY and Philadelphia, society also caused crime, prisons were very bad

Question 24

the 1900s

Answer 24

used the medical model, lots of brutality, prison rights, victims movement shifted focus away from offenders, tough on crime policies

Question 25

procunier v martinez 74

Answer 25

rights of prisoners to recieve mail and to use law students to examine their cases

Question 26

rhodes v chapman 81

Answer 26

not going to fix the inhumane conditions, it wasnt cruel and unusual

Question 27

wilson v seiter 91

Answer 27

have to be inhumane and would need to show deliberate indifference ot conditions to be considered cruel and unusual

Question 28

farmer v brennan 94

Answer 28

inmates are required to prove subjective recklessness on the part of prison officials

Question 29

brown v plata 2011

Answer 29

found egregious violations of constitutional rights to recieve mental and physical health treatments in Cali due to overcrowding

Question 30

five states with the highest rates of incarceration

Answer 30

oklahoma, louisiana, mississippi, georgia, alabama

Question 31

longer sentencing, ________ _______, 3 strike laws, and _____ _____ _____ lead to ____ rates of imprisonment

Answer 31

1) mandatory sentencing
2)reductions in parole
3) increased

Question 32

black men are incarcerated ____ more than white men

Answer 32

six times

Question 33

____ of convicts are convicted of violent crimes. ___ are convicted of drug, property, public order, or other crimes

Answer 33

55%
45%

Question 34

____ are male
____ of female prisoners are in for violent offenses

Answer 34

93%
38%

Question 35

prisonization

Answer 35

assimilation of new inmates into the values, norms, and languages of the prison

Question 36

prison officials can give ____ ____ prisoners better work assignments while ____ inmates can be locked in their cells or put in solitary. other inmates can provides rewards in the form of _____ and ____ or punishment in the form of ____ and violence

Answer 36

1) well behaved
2) uncooperative
3) camaraderie and protection
4) intimidation

Question 37

convict code

Answer 37

informal system of rules and norms for inmates
emphasizes no snitching

Question 38

a single murder costs more than

Answer 38

1 million

Question 39

accelerated aging

Answer 39

prisoners serving longer sentences experience health problems associated with old age 15 years earlier

Question 40

criminogenic effect

Answer 40

increases the likelihood of subsequent criminal behavior. fosters antisocial behaviors, connects them to criminal networks, and makes it difficult to get a job

Question 41

temporary leave

Answer 41

inmates permitted to leave prison for a day to do rehab activities or family stuff, reduces recidivism

Question 42

house arrest

Answer 42

electronic monitoring

Question 43

residential community centers (halfway houses)

Answer 43

communal environment, group therapy, for those that need structure

Question 44

A lot of prisoners come from disadvantaged backgrounds: approximately _____ of prisoners have at least one family member who has been incarcerated, and over _____ of prisoners have not completed high school.

Answer 44

1) 40
2) 65