Exam 3: chapter 12

Question 1

Heteronomous Morality (Morality of Constraint)

Answer 1

(Piaget’s Perspective of Children’s Understanding of Rules)

• View rules as sacred and unalterable
• Moral behavior is behavior consistent with rules set by authority figures.
• Violation of rules merits punishment regardless of intent.

Question 2

Autonomous Morality (Morality of Cooperation)

Answer 2

(Piaget’s Perspective of Children’s Understanding of Rules)

• More flexible view of rules as self-chosen

Question 3

Social Domain Model of Moral Development

Answer 3

• Moral - concerning rights and welfare
• Social -Conventional - social customs
• Personal - matters of personal choice that do not violate rights

Question 4

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 4

voluntary behavior intended
to benefit another

Question 5

Empathy

Answer 5

capacity to understand someone’s feelings

Question 6

Biological influences on Prosocial Behavior

Answer 6

• Genetic factors: gene that influences oxytocin
• Temperamental influences

Question 7

Familial influences on Prosocial Behavior

Answer 7

• Parental influences
• Sibling influences

Question 8

Cultural influences on Prosocial Behavior

Answer 8

Collectivist cultures tend to promote prosocial values and behavior more than individualist cultures.

Question 9

Cognitive influences on Prosocial Behavior

Answer 9

Prosocial behavior is associated with cognitive maturation, self-regulation, and perspective taking.

Question 10

Inductive Discipline

Answer 10

• methods that use reasoning
• Model effective conflict resolution and help children become aware of consequences of their actions
• Effective in helping children internalize rules and standards

Question 11

Love Withdrawal

Answer 11

withholding love, affection, and attention or approval when a child misbehaves

Question 12

Power Assertion

Answer 12

controlling a child’s behavior through use of power (spankings, commands, and physical restraint)

Question 13

Antisocial Behavior

Answer 13

behavior that harms others, is disruptive or hostile, or transgresses social norms

Question 14

Instrumental Aggression

Answer 14

aggression oriented toward achieving a goal
* Typical in toddlerhood

Question 15

Relational Aggression

Answer 15

verbal form of aggression intended to harm others’ social relationships
* For example: name-calling and exclusion

Question 16

Peer Victimization

Answer 16

ongoing interaction in which a child repeatedly attempts to inflict physical, verbal, or social harm on another child

Question 17

Reactive Aggression

Answer 17

aggressive response provoked by an insult, a confrontation, or frustration

Question 18

Conduct Disorder

Answer 18

psychiatric diagnosis that refers to a severe form of antisocial behavior