EXAM 3 chapter 13 Flashcards
(30 cards)
personality
the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character
self-schema
a long lasting and stable set of memories that summarize a person’s beliefs, experiences and generalizations about the self, in specific behavioral domains
self esteem
confidence in one’s own worth or abilities; self-respect, a person’s overall subjective emotional evaluation of his or her own worth
theories of personality
freud. id, ego, superego
psychodynamic theory
freud. a view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs. … Psychodynamic theories commonly hold that childhood experiences shape personality
humanistic approach
drive towards self-actualization, focusing on observer’s perspective and subject’s perspective
social cognitive approach
ortions of an individual’s knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences
trait approach
a way of studying personality that places emphasis on the traits of an individual as markers of personality
ID
FREUD. the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories. unconscious. born with it. newborn child
EGO
FREUD. part 2. he realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego. part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. works by reason. considers social realities and norms, etiquette and rules in deciding how to behave
SUPEREGO
FREUD. operates as a moral conscience. The superego consists of two systems: The conscience and the ideal self
unconsciousness
a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of our conscious awareness
preconsciousness
the thoughts which are unconscious at the particular moment in question, but which are not repressed and are therefore available for recall and easily capable of becoming conscious
consciousness
the fact of awareness by the mind of itself and the world
defense mechanisms
operate at an unconscious level and help ward off unpleasant feelings (i.e. anxiety) or make good things feel better for the individual
denial
denying the undeniable as a coping mechanism
repression
the action or process of suppressing a thought or desire in oneself so that it remains unconscious
projection
humans defend themselves against their own unconscious impulses or qualities (both positive and negative) by denying their existence in themselves while attributing them to others
reaction formation
the tendency of a repressed wish or feeling to be expressed at a conscious level in a contrasting form
rationalization
the action of attempting to explain or justify behavior or an attitude with logical reasons, even if these are not appropriate
displacement
an unconscious defense mechanism whereby the mind substitutes either a new aim or a new object for goals felt in their original form to be dangerous or unacceptable. Ex: I want to speak at a meeting but cannot get a word in edgeways. Instead, I start scribbling furiously
sublimation
type of defense mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are unconsciously transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior, possibly resulting in a long-term conversion of the initial impulse. Ex: I am angry. I go out and chop wood. I end up with a useful pile of firewood. I am also fitter and nobody is harmed
self-report
any test, measure, or survey that relies on the individual’s own report of their symptoms, behaviors, beliefs or attitudes
projective technique
gateway 2 the subconscious mind! a projective test is a personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts projected by the person into the test
