EXAM 3 chapter 9

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

the reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way

Question 2

activation

Answer 2

the stimulation of the cerebral cortex into a state of general wakefulness, or attention

Question 3

directive

Answer 3

a type of psychotherapy in which the therapist actively offers advice and information rather than dealing only with information supplied by the patient

Question 4

sustain

Answer 4

strengthen or support physically or mentally

Question 5

need

Answer 5

require (something) because it is essential or very important

Question 6

need hierarchy / maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 6

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Question 7

drive

Answer 7

an instinctual need that has the power of driving the behavior of an individual

Question 8

equilibrium

Answer 8

a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced

Question 9

arousal

Answer 9

the state of being physiologically alert, awake, and attentive

Question 10

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 10

performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point, only up until the optimum arousal level is reached

Question 11

pleasure principle

Answer 11

the instinctive drive to seek pleasure and avoid pain, expressed by the id as a basic motivating force that reduces psychic tension

Question 12

incentive

Answer 12

a thing that motivates or encourages one to do something

Question 13

intrinsic motivation

Answer 13

behavior that is driven by internal rewards

Question 14

extrinsic motivation

Answer 14

behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise

Question 15

achievement motivation

Answer 15

the need for success or the attainment of excellence

Question 16

emotion

Answer 16

a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others

Question 17

feeling

Answer 17

an emotional state or reaction

Question 18

action

Answer 18

a thing done; an act

Question 19

physiological arousal

Answer 19

arousal experienced physically in response to stimuli

Question 20

primary emotion

Answer 20

unthinking, instinctive responses that we have

Question 21

secondary emotion

Answer 21

emotional reactions we have to other emotions

Question 22

james-lange theory of emotion

Answer 22

emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events

Question 23

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 23

facial movement can influence emotional experience

Question 24

cannon-bard theory of emotion

Answer 24

emotions and bodily changes occur simultaneously, following a stimulating event

Question 25

schachter-singer two-factor theory of emotion

Answer 25

emotion is based on two factors: physiological arousal and cognitive label

Question 26

klüver–bucy syndrome

Answer 26

a syndrome resulting from bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe, may present with compulsive eating, hypersexuality, hyperorality, visual agnosia, and docility.

Question 27

universality hypothesis

Answer 27

the assumption that certain facial expressions are signals of specific emotions

Question 28

4 basic qualities of motivation

Answer 28

motivational states are ENERGIZING, DIRECTIVE, they help animals PERSIST in their behavior, and motives differ in STRENGTH

Question 29

which brain region controls eating?

Answer 29

lateral hypothalamus

Question 30

universal emotions

Answer 30

disgust, sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise