Exam #3: Chordates

Question 1

Chordates

Answer 1

Deuterostomes characterized by the presence of four key morphological features at some stage in their cycles

Question 2

Cephalochordates

Answer 2

Small, mobile, torpedo-shaped animals with a “fishlike”, appearance, and they make their living by suspension feeding

Question 3

Urochordates

Answer 3

Have a external coat of polysaccharide, called a tunic, that covers and supports the body

Question 4

Vertebrates

Answer 4

Organisms where the dorsal hollow nerve cord is the spinal - a bundle of nerve cells that runs from the brain to the tail end of the body

Question 5

What Distinguishes a Vertabrae?

Answer 5

1. A column of cartilaginous or bony structural supports called vertebrae, which form along the dorsal side of the body
2. A cranium, a bony, cartilaginous, or fibrous that encloses the brain

Question 6

Cartilage

Answer 6

A strong but flexible tissue that consists of scattered cells in a gel-like matrix of polysaccharides and protein fibers

Question 7

Bone

Answer 7

A dense tissue consisting of cells and blood vessels encased in a matrix made primarily of calcium phosphate, along with a small amount of protein fibers

Question 8

Gnathostomes

Answer 8

A monophyletic group including 5 major living lineages

Question 9

Amphibians

Answer 9

The first tetrapods to live on land; most feed on land but lay their eggs in water

Question 10

Amniotes

Answer 10

Named for a signature synapomorphy: the amniotic egg

Question 11

Amniotic Egg

Answer 11

Eggs which have protective covering that reduces the rate of drying significantly

Question 12

Mammals

Answer 12

A monophyletic group of amniotes named for unique structures, called mammary glands that produce milk

Question 13

Endotherms

Answer 13

Animals that maintain high body temperatures by oxidizing large amounts of food and generating large amounts of heat

Question 14

Placenta

Answer 14

An organ combining maternal and embryonic tissue

Question 15

Reptiles

Answer 15

A monophyletic group that represents the second major living lineage of amniotes besides mammals

Question 16

Parental Care

Answer 16

Any physiological, morphological, or behavioral investment that improves the likelihood of offspring to survive

Question 17

Primates

Answer 17

A mammalian lineage

Question 18

Prosimians

Answer 18

Relatively small in size, reside in trees, active at night

Question 19

Anthropoids

Answer 19

New world & old world monkeys

Question 20

Homonins

Answer 20

A monophyletic group comprising homosapines and more than 20 bipedal relatives

Question 21

Logistic Population Growth

Answer 21

The decrease in growth as a population size approaches the carrying capacity

Question 22

Density-Independent Factors

Answer 22

Alter birth rates & death rates irrespective of the number of individuals in the population

Question 23

Density-Dependent Factors

Answer 23

Change in intensity as a function of population size, usuallu biotic

Question 24

Population Dynamics

Answer 24

Changes in populations through time and space

Question 25

Bottom-Up Hypothesis

Answer 25

When their populations reach high density, hares use up all their food and starve; in response, lynx also starve

Question 26

Top-Down Hypothesis

Answer 26

Lynx population reach high density in response to increases in hare density