Exam 3 CVS 9-11

Question 1

List 5 things governed by intrinsic factors?

Answer 1

1. Frank- starlin mechanism (length- tension relationship)
2. Preload
3. Afterload
4. Contractility
5. HR

Question 2

SV x HR=

Answer 2

CO

Question 3

What are the 2 categories of extrinsic factors affecting the CVS?

Answer 3

1. Neural control

2. Humoral control

Question 4

A positive Ionotropic effect \_\_\_\_\_\_
A. Inc. contractility
B. Dec. contractility
C. Inc. HR
D. Dec. HR

Answer 4

A. inc. contractility

Question 5

A positive chronotropic effect ______

a. inc. contractility
b. Dec. contractility
c. Inc. HR
d. Dec. HR

Answer 5

c. inc. HR

Question 6

Where are Beta 1 receptors found?

Answer 6

SA node, AV node, myocardial cells

Question 7

Where are Beta 2 receptors found?

Answer 7

arterioles of coronaries and arterioles of skeletal muscle

Question 8

What is the function of Beta 1 receptors?

Answer 8

Inc. HR, SV, and CO

Question 9

What is the function of Beta 2 receptors?

Answer 9

Vasodilation

Question 10

What is the function of M2 receptors?

Answer 10

opp. Beta 1

slows discharge of SA node, slows AV node, dec. atrial and ventricular contractility

Question 11

What is the function of M3 receptors?

Answer 11

vasodilation

Question 12

The normal inc. in HR during inspiration and dec. during expiration

Answer 12

Respiratory sinus arrythmia

Question 13

Which hormone induces secretionn of Aldosterone and causes vasodilation?

a. ANP
b. Cortisol
c. Angiotensin II
d. Angiotensin I

Answer 13

c. Angiotensin II

Question 14

What are the 5 vasoconstrictor agents in humoral control?

Answer 14

1. Catecholamines
2. Angiotensin II
3. Vasopressin (ADH)
4. Endothelin-1 (ET1)
5. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

Question 15

What are the 3 vasodilator agents in humoral control?

Answer 15

1. Nitric Oxide (NO)
2. Histamine
3. Bradykinin

Question 16

What are the 3 types of pores found in capillaries?

Answer 16

1. Tight junctions
2. Gap junctions
3. Fenestrated

Question 17

Where is the pressure greater?

a. Aterial bed
b. venous bed

Answer 17

a. arterial bed

Question 18

Which of the following options has the greater cross sectional area?

a. Arteries
b. capillaries
c. veins

Answer 18

b. capillaries

Question 19

Which of the following options has the slowest speed of blood flow?

a. arteries
b. capillaries
c. veins

Answer 19

b. capillaries

Question 20

Which of the following options has the greatest compliance?

a. arteries
b. veins

Answer 20

b. veins

Question 21

What is the major role of a capillary?

a. dumping of blood pressure
b. exchange of nutrients and waste products

Answer 21

b. exchange

Question 22

Terminal arterioles

Answer 22

metarterioles

Question 23

opens or closes the entrance of capillaries

Answer 23

precapillary sphincter

Question 24

intermittent contraction of metarterioles and precapillary sphincters

Answer 24

vasomotion

Question 25

junctions that only allow tiny molecules to pass?

Answer 25

Tight

Question 26

junctions that allow most dissolved substances to pass?

Answer 26

gap

Question 27

junctions that allow large amounts of small molecules and ionic substances to pass?

Answer 27

fenestrated

Question 28

What is the most important factor effecting the degree of opening and closing of metarterioles?

Answer 28

O2

Question 29

Large amts. of free interstitial fluid

Answer 29

EDEMA

Question 30

the movement of water from capillary plasma into the interstitial fluid

Answer 30

filtration

Question 31

The movement of water into a capillary

Answer 31

Reabsorption

Question 32

Pressure that drives fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial space?

Answer 32

Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure (Pc)

Question 33

The pressure that opposes filtration

Answer 33

Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif)

Question 34

The pressure created by plasma proteins, will cause fluids to be sucked inside capillary.

Answer 34

Capillary oncotic pressure

Question 35

The pressure that favors filtration

Answer 35

Interstitial fluid oncotic pressure

Question 36

The water permeability of the capillary wall

Answer 36

hydraulic conductance

Question 37

The greater the total peripheral resistance (____); the greater the _____ a. vasodilation, blood flow b. vasodilation, MAP c. vasoconstriction, Blood flow d. Vasoconstriction, MAP

Answer 37

d. vasoconstriction, MAP

Question 38

What determines the vascular resistance of an organ?

Answer 38

Diameter of its arterioles

Question 39

What are the 2 phases of local blood flow control?

Answer 39

1. Acute control | 2. Long-term control

Question 40

The most imortant local control mech.

Answer 40

Metabolic control of blood flow

Question 41

How does metabolic control of blood flow work?

Answer 41

Tissues tend to inc. their BF when metabolic rate inc.

Question 42

List the 5 substances involved in metabolic control of BF.

Answer 42

1. CO2 2. Adenosine 3. Histamine 4. K+ 5. Lactic Acid (H+)

Question 43

What is active hyperemia?

Answer 43

increase in blood flow in response to an inc. in metabolic rate

Question 44

What is reactive hyperemia?

Answer 44

When the blood flow to a tissue is blocked for a short period then unblocked, blood flow will inc.

Question 45

What is the medical term used for restriction of Blood supply to tissues? a. Analgesia b. Ischemia c. Icterus d. Infarction

Answer 45

b. Ischemia

Question 46

Neural and hormonal influences in cardiovascular system are considered: a. intrinsic factors b. extrinsic factors

Answer 46

b. extrinsic factors

Question 47

The intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure.

Answer 47

Blood Flow Autoregulation

Question 48

T/F Blood flow autoregulation is dependent on neural and hormonal influences.

Answer 48

F. Independent of neural and hormonal influences

Question 49

Which drug blocks PDE-5 and prolongs vasodilation mediated by NO? a. sildenafil (viagra) b. Phenylephrine (nasal decongestant)

Answer 49

A viagra

Question 50

the control of blood flow over a period of hours, days, and weeks.

Answer 50

Long term control

Question 51

What are the 3 types of long term BF control?

Answer 51

1. Angiogenesis 2. Collateral circ. 3. Vascular remodeling

Question 52

The formation of new vascularity

Answer 52

Angiogenesis

Question 53

The alternate circulation around a blocked artery or vein via another pathe

Answer 53

Collateral circ.

Question 54

The active process of altering structure and arrangement in blood vessels through cell growth, cell death, cell migration, and production or degradation of the ECM

Answer 54

Vascular remodeling