Final Exam Blood

Question 1

What is the function of blood?

Answer 1

Transport nutrients, oxygen, CO2, Waste products, hormones, heat, IS components

Question 2

What is the normal pH of blood?

Answer 2

7.4

Question 3

Erythrocytes

Answer 3

RBC

Question 4

Leukocytes

Answer 4

WBC

Question 5

Thrombocytes

Answer 5

Platelets

Question 6

Plasma makes up what percentage of blood?

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

Erythrocytes make up what percentage of blood?

Answer 7

40%

Question 8

the fluid phase of the blood that contains non-cellular components

Answer 8

Plasma

Question 9

What 3 components make up plasma?

Answer 9

Water, proteins, other solutes

Question 10

What is the diff. between plasma and serum

Answer 10

Serum does not contain coagulation factors

Question 11

The amt. of the cellular components of the blood

Answer 11

Hematocrit

Question 12

Inc. hematocrit during physical activity is mainly due to inc. _____ activity

Answer 12

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 13

T/F. RBC lack a nucleus?

Answer 13

T

Question 14

T/F. RBC lack mitochondria

Answer 14

T

Question 15

What is the function of RBCs?

Answer 15

transport O2 from the lungs to cells of body and remove CO2 from tissues

Question 16

Formation of blood cells

Answer 16

Hematopoiesis

Question 17

Formation of RBCs

Answer 17

Erythropoiesis

Question 18

Where does erythropoiesis occur in fetus?

Answer 18

Liver and spleen

Question 19

Where does erythropoiesis occur in adolesence?

Answer 19

Red bone marrow of long bones

Question 20

Where does erythropoiesis occur in the adult?

Answer 20

Red bone marrow of flat bones

Question 21

All blood cells are derived from a single cell type in the bone marrow:

Answer 21

Pluripotent stem cells

Question 22

If found in the blood, can be used as a measure of the production rate of erythrocytes

Answer 22

reticlocytes

Question 23

What 3 component s are needed for erythropoiesis

Answer 23

1. iron
2. vitamine B12 and Folic acid
3. erythropoietin

Question 24

An increased number of erythrocytes

Answer 24

polycythemia

Question 25

Where does destruction of erythrocytes take place?

Answer 25

spleen, liver, and bone marrow

Question 26

What is the av. lifespan of RBCs

Answer 26

90-140 days

Question 27

All conditions in which the capacity of the blood to transport O2 is reduced?

Answer 27

Anemia

Question 28

3 general causes of Anemia

Answer 28

1. Blood loss 2. RBC destruction 3. Dec. RBC production

Question 29

RBC destruction

Answer 29

Hemolysis

Question 30

Dec. production of RBCs

Answer 30

Erythroid hypoplasia

Question 31

List some clinical signs of anemia

Answer 31

1. Pale mucous memb. 2. depression/weakness 3. lethargy 4. jaundice 5. recumbancy 6. seizures

Question 32

What are the 3 classifications of Anemia?

Answer 32

1. Morphology 2. Hb Content 3. Regeneration

Question 33

Tells you the av. volume of each erythrocyte

Answer 33

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Question 34

Tells you the Hb content in a single erythrocyte

Answer 34

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

Question 35

Tells you the av. amt. of Hb w/i erythrocytes

Answer 35

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Question 36

Inc. number of circulating reticulocytes which indicates inc. bone marrow erythropoiesis

Answer 36

regenerative anemia

Question 37

Reticulocytes number low no increased erythropoiesis

Answer 37

Nonregenerative anemia

Question 38

If you dec. heamatocrit, you _inc/dec_ blood viscoity

Answer 38

Dec.

Question 39

What are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 39

1. transport fluid 2. transport proteins and fat 3. transport of pathogens and antigens from tissue to lymphatic vesels

Question 40

What is the monophyletic theory of hematopoiesis

Answer 40

all cells of the blood originate in the bone marrow and develop from the same progenitor cell, the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

Question 41

What are the soluble components of innate immunity

Answer 41

interferon, peptides, complement

Question 42

What are the soluble components of adaptive immunity

Answer 42

Ig

Question 43

What are the cell-mediated components of innate immuniity

Answer 43

Macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells

Question 44

What are the cell-mediated component of adaptive immunity?

Answer 44

T lymphocytes

Question 45

The complement is activated by what 3 mechanisms

Answer 45

1. classical pathway 2. alternative pathway 3. lectin pathway

Question 46

macrophages in blood

Answer 46

monocytes

Question 47

dendritic cell in skin

Answer 47

langerhan's cells

Question 48

what is the function of dendritic cells

Answer 48

phagocytosis and antigen presentation

Question 49

what is the function of macrophages?

Answer 49

pahgocytosis and antigen presentation

Question 50

What are the 3 functions of granulocytes

Answer 50

1. destruction of pathogens 2. release of inflammatory mediators 3. alert the adaptive immune system

Question 51

What 2 signals are necessary for b lymphocyte activation

Answer 51

1. antigen binds to BCR | 2. T helper cell binds to B lymphocyte

Question 52

After activationm the B lymphocyte differentiates into a ____ cell and synthesizes ____

Answer 52

Plasma; antibodies

Question 53

Protein complex in the memb. of T cells, responsible for recognition of antigens

Answer 53

T cell receptors (TCR)

Question 54

What are the 3 co-receptors found on T cells

Answer 54

CD4, CD8, CD3

Question 55

Antigens are presented to t cells by _____ molecules

Answer 55

MHC

Question 56

MCH-1 is found where? and presents to CD8 or CD4 T cells?

Answer 56

All nucleated cell; CD8

Question 57

MHC-II is found where? and presents to CD8 or CD4 T cells?

Answer 57

Antigen presenting cells; CD4

Question 58

What are the 3 profesional antigen-presenting cells?

Answer 58

1. dendritic cells 2. macrophages 3. lymphocyte

Question 59

Molecule/material that stimulates immune cells and induces an immune answer

Answer 59

Antigen

Question 60

What are the 3 granulocytes?

Answer 60

1. neutrophil 2. basophil 3. eosinophil

Question 61

What are the 2 primary lymphatic organs?

Answer 61

1. Thymus | 2. Bone Marrow

Question 62

What are the 5 secondary lymphatic organs?

Answer 62

1. adenoid 2. tonsil 3. spleen 4. lymph node 5. peyer's patch in Sm. intestine

Question 63

Inappropriate or misdirected response to a specific antigen that results in harmful reactions upon exposure of a sentitized host to that specific antigen

Answer 63

Hypersensitivity

Question 64

What are the 4 types of hypersensitivity rxns?

Answer 64

1. type I 2. Type II 3. Type III 4. Type IV

Question 65

Type of hypersensitivity mediated by IgE and mast cells

Answer 65

Type I

Question 66

Type of hypersensitivity rxn mediated by IgG and IgM

Answer 66

Type II and III

Question 67

Type of hypersensitivity rxn mediated by T lymphocytes

Answer 67

Type IV

Question 68

The viscosity of the blood is primarily determined by the number of erythrocytes per unit volume. during serious anemia's, the viscosity of blood is _inc/dec_ and the cardiac output is _inc/dec_

Answer 68

Reduced, increased

Question 69

Which of the following does belong to innate imunity a. Cytotoxic T cells b. Complement c. Neutrophils d. Only b and c e. All of the above

Answer 69

D. only B and C