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OTC > Exam 3 - Fever > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Fever Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the leading cause of ED visits for those under 15

A

Fever

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2
Q

Where is body temperature regulated

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Why do we get fevers

A

The body’s defense against infection - a sign your body is fighting

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3
Q

What is hyperpyrexia

A

When body temp is over 106

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3
Q

What is hyperthermia

A

Malfunctioning of normal hypothalamus level from excess heat exposure

NOT the same treatment as fever

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4
Q

What are pyrogens

A

Any substance that increases the body temperature and activates the body’s host defense

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4
Q

What symptoms are associated w/ hyperpyrexia

A

Mental and physical symptoms

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5
Q

What can cause hyperpyrexia

A

Fever or hyperthermia

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6
Q

What is an oral temperature over 100 caused by

A

Pyrogen

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7
Q

What is the range for a normal body temp

A

97.5 - 98.9

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8
Q

What is the principal reason to treat a fever w/ an OTC

A

Alleviate discomfort

DO NOT use to treat a specific temp

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8
Q

What population has the highest response to pyrogens

A

Children

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9
Q

Temperatures under ____ is unlikely to be a concern in young adults

A

103

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10
Q

What is a common sign of fever

A

Chills

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11
Q

What causes chills w/ a fever

A

Vasoconstriction and muscle rigidity

(Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow, making you cold. Muscle rigidity makes you cold because muscles are warmer when they are being moved)

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12
Q

What is a subjective way to detect a fever

A

Feel the forehead or cheek

*not accurate

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13
Q

Thermometers are considered ____

A

Medical devices

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13
Q

When should you NOT use an oral thermometer to check a patient’s temp

A

Recent oral surgery
Mouth breathing
Hyperventilation
Not fully alert
Uncooperative/confused
Children under 3

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13
Q

What is the gold standard for taking temp

A

Rectal

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14
Q

What is considered a normal temperature when measured rectally

A

97.9 - 100.4

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14
Q

When monitoring temperature, it is important to use…

A

The same thermometer and the same spot of measurement

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15
Q

What is considered a normal temperature when measured orally

A

95.9 - 99.5

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16
Q

What is considered a fever when measured rectally

A

> 100.4

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16
Q

What is considered a fever when measured orally

A

> 99.5

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17
What is considered a normal temperature when measured via axillary route
94.5 - 99
18
What is considered a fever when measured via axillary route
> 99
19
What is considered a normal temperature when measured via tympanic route
96.3 - 100.4
20
What is considered a fever when measured via tympanic route
> 100.4
21
What is considered a fever when measured via temporal route (age groups)
0-2 months: > 100.7 3-47 months: 100.3 Older than 4 years: > 100.1 (47 months = almost 4 years)
22
What is considered a normal temperature when measured via temporal route
97.9 - 100.1
23
List all normal temperature and fever ranges for all routes of temperature measurement
Rectal: - normal = 97.9 - 100.4 - fever = > 100.4 Oral: - normal = 95.9 - 99.5 - fever = > 99.5 Axillary: - normal = 94.5 - 99 - fever = > 99 Tympanic: - normal = 96.3 - 100.3 - fever = > 100.4 Temporal: - normal = 97.9 - 100.1 - fevers: — 0-2 months = > 100.7 — 3-47 months = > 100.3 — above 4 years = > 100.1
24
Where is an electronic probe used
Oral Rectal Axillary
25
How long does it take to get a reading from an electronic probe
10 - 60 seconds
26
When can you start using tympanic thermometers
At 6 months of age
26
Why should we avoid axillary temperature readings if possible
They are not reliable and have large variations
27
At what rectal temperature should you take an infant younger than 4 months old to the ER
> 100.4
28
What causes febrile seizures
No defined cause
28
At what axillary temperature should you take an infant younger than 4 months old to the ER
> 99
28
At what oral temperature should you take an infant younger than 4 months old to the ER
> 99.5
29
What % of children from ages 6 months to 5 years old have a febrile seizure
2-5%
30
When do the chances for having a febrile seizure peak
18-24 months
31
What increases the risk of febrile seizures
How fast the fever comes and how high the fever is
32
What raises the risk of reoccurrence of a febrile seizure
If younger than 1 year when first seizure occurs and a family history of epilepsy
33
After one seizure, what happens to the risk of developing epilepsy, impaired movement, and other neurologic disorders
Unlikely that risk will change
34
What does the American Academy of Pediatrics NOT recommend use for prophylactic treatment of febrile seizures
Anti-epileptics Antipyretics
35
What is recommended for comfort when there is a risk of febrile seizures
Antipyretics
35
When can febrile seizures return
If the child has another fever
36
What OTC can prevent febrile seizures
NONE Antipyretics can reduct fever, but will not prevent seizure
37
When should we suspect a pt may have a drug fever
In patients that don’t have an obvious source of fever
37
What is drug fever
Febrile response to admin of medication
38
If hyperthermia is due to a drug, when should the fever decrease
24-72 hrs within stopping agent
38
How can we detect that a fever is caused by a drug
Note the relationship between the fever and admin of medication Note the temp elevation despite clinical improvement
39
What two OTC drugs can cause fever
Cimetidine Salicylates
40
Should we reduce fever before vaccines
Currently not recommended to use antipyretics before or after vaccination However, symptomatic fevers after vaccination should be treated
41
What are serious complications of fever
- Seizures - Coma - Irreversible neurologic/muscle damage - Dehydration - Delirium (SCIDD)
42
Who is most at risk for serious complications from fever
Infants Elderly
42
What causes infants and elderly to be most at risk for serious complications from a fever
- Dehydration - Decreased sweating capacity - Fever increases oxygen demand, elderly tend to have COPD or CHF
43
General treatment rules for fevers over 101
Use both non-drug and oral antipyretics
44
General treatment rules for fevers under 101
Treat if pt is uncomfortable/elderly
45
Goals for treating fever
- find and remove cause - decrease discomfort caused by the fever - use treatment when benefits outweigh risk
46
What are the exclusions to self treatment of fever in adults
Vomiting Hyperthermia risk/fever for > 3 days Stiff neck Diarrhea Severe headache CNS damage Rash Immunocompromised Sore throat Pt on steroids Impaired oxygen (COPD, CHF) Ear pain Rectal fever over 104 (Very Hot Snacks Do Seem CRISPIER)
47
What are the exclusions to self care treatment of fever in children
Very sleepy Hard to wake up Fever over 104 Irritable Looks very ill, drowsy, fussy Overheated/had seizure previously Less than 6 mo w/ rectal temp >104 Vomiting/diarrhea Fever > 24 hrs in child under 2 Spots/rash Fever > 3 days in child 2+ yrs Refuses to drink (Very High Fevers In Little Ones Look Very Fucking Scary, For Real)
48
What rectal temperature excludes children under 6 months from self care
> 100.4
49
What are some non-pharm options for fever treatment
Lightweight clothing Decrease room temp Fluid intake increase
50
When can sponging be considered for a fever
When oral temp is > 104 and 1 hr after a dose of oral med
51
Why should you not bathe someone w/ a fever in water or alcohol
Can increase body temp because of shivering Uncomfortable and can be dangerous Does not reduce the body’s temp set point
52
How much should fluid be increased for adults w/ fever
60-120 mL per hour
53
How much should fluids be increased in children w/ fever
30-60 mL/hr
54
What are some good fluid choices for someone w/ fever
Sports drinks Fruit juice Balanced electrolyte Water

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