Exam 3: Med Therapeutic Uses

Question 1

Atorvastatin

Answer 1

reduces LDL & VLDL, increases HDL
- inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
(HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor)

Question 2

Furosemide

Answer 2

treats pulmonary edema in heart failure. treats HTN not controlled by other diuretics
- blocks reabsorption of Na and Cl in the loop of Henle
(Loop Diuretics)

Question 3

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT2)

Answer 3

1st choice drug for HTN, and used with other meds for heart failure
- blocks Na and Cl reabsorption in the distal conducted tubule
(Thiazide Diuretics)

Question 4

Spironolactone

Answer 4

treats HTN, and symptoms of heart failure following MI
- blocks aldosterone receptors
(Aldosterone Antagonist)

Question 5

Clonidine

Answer 5

treats HTN, and severe pain relief (epidural)
- selectively activates Alpha 2 receptors in brainstem
- relaxes arterial smooth muscle which decreases BP
(Centrally Active Alpha 2 Antagonist/Antiadrenergic)

Question 6

Carvedilol

Answer 6

treats HTN, heart failure, and prolongs chance of survival post MI
- blocks alpha-1 and beta-1 receptors
- decreases release of renin
(alpha1/beta2 Adrenergic Blockers/Antiadrenergic)

Question 7

Metoprolol

Answer 7

treats HTN, angina, heart failure, and treatment to decrease mortality following MI
- blocks cardiac beta-1 receptors
- decreases pulse and contractility
- decreases release of renin
(beta-1 blocker/antiadrenergic)

Question 8

Captopril

Answer 8

treatment of HTN, heart failure, and prevents ventricular dysfunction following MI
- blocks production of angiotensin 2 (vasodilation, urinary excretion of Na and H2O, retention of K)
- renal protective effects in pt’s with diabetes
(Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor)

Question 9

Losartan

Answer 9

treats HTN, heart failure, prevent left ventricular dysfunction following MI
- blocks angiotensin 2 receptors (vasodilation, urinary excretion of Na & H2O, retention of K)
(Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers (ARBs))

Question 10

Verapamil

Answer 10

treats HTN, angina, and cardiac dysrhythmias
- slow SA node, slow conductors, and decrease myocardial contractility
(calcium channel blocker)

Question 11

Nitrates

Answer 11

treatment and prophylaxis of angina pectoris
- vascular smooth muscle dilates which increases O2 supply and decreases O2 demand
(Antianginals)

Question 12

Levothyroxine

Answer 12

treatment of hypothyroidism
- supplies body with synthetic T4 which is then converted to T3
- med required for rest of life
(Thyroid Replacement (Synthroid))

Question 13

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Answer 13

treatment of hyperthyroidism
- blocks synthesis or thyroid hormone by blocking Iodine from being integrated into tyrosine, which blocks the conversion of T4 to T3
(Antithyroid)

Question 14

Insulin

Answer 14

management of diabetes mellitus (type 1,2, and gestational)

Question 15

Metformin

Answer 15

1st drug choice and most common for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- decreases: production of glucose by liver, and intestinal absorption of glucose
- increases uptake of glucose by tissues
(Biguanides)

Question 16

Glipizide

Answer 16

treatment of type 2 DM
- stimulates insulin secretion from the beta-cells of the pancreas
(Sulfonylureas)

Question 17

Glucagon

Answer 17

treatment of hypoglycemia from insulin overdose
- increases glucose levels
(Hyperglycemic)

Question 18

Antacids

Answer 18

decrease irritation caused by PUD and GERD
- neutralizes acid secretions by stimulating mucous, bicarb, prostaglandin
- promote gastric mucosal defense mechanisms

Question 19

Famotidine

Answer 19

treatment of GERD, PUD, diabetic gastroparesis, erosive esophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
- decrease gastric acid secretion
- increase stomach pH
- decrease hydrogen ions secretion from parietal cells
(histamine (H2) receptor antagonist)

Question 20

Omeprazole

Answer 20

treatment of gastric, duodenal ulcer, & GERD
- prevents 90% of acid secretion for 24 hrs
- binds to H+/K+ ATPase enzyme
(Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI))

Question 21

Sucralfate

Answer 21

treatment of stomach ulcers
- creates chemical reaction in the stomach which produces a gel covering over ulcer
(Mucosal Protectant)

Question 22

Ondansetron

Answer 22

used for N & V in pt’s with chemo, and postoperative N & V
- block serotonin receptors in GI tract, CTZ and VC
- do not give to kids <2 yrs
(Serotonin Antagonist/Blockers)

Question 23

Metoclopramide

Answer 23

N & V from chemo, opioids, radiation, and toxins & GERD & diabetic gastroparesis
- block dopamine receptors in the CTZ
- stimulate GI peristalsis
(Prokinetic)

Question 24

Docusate Sodium

Answer 24

prevent opioid/surgically induced constipation
- softens the stool by increasing water and fat the stool absorbs
(Surfactant Laxative/Stool Softeners)

Question 25

Diphenoxylate w/ Atropine

Answer 25

treatment of diarrhea
- Diphenoxylate: inhibit GI motility
- Atropine: anticholinergic
(Opioids)