Neuro Part 2 & Clotting

Question 1

What is mood ?

Answer 1

way a person feels or an “emotional state”
- more subjective

Question 2

What is affect ?

Answer 2

observable response a person has to his or her own feelings
- how you are expressing that emotion (withdrawal, tears in face, tremors)

Question 3

What is affective instability ?

Answer 3

rapid intense mood swings that are difficult to control

Question 4

What is the primary system in control of emotions ?

Answer 4

limbic system

Question 5

What is Substance-Induced Depressive Disorder ?

Answer 5

see them after raves often
- take a drug and the next day once it wears off you feel depressed
- caused by an increase in your neurotransmitter and after it wore off you had no neurotransmitter to feel happy

Question 6

What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) ?

Answer 6

depression episodes before menses (period)

Question 7

What is the major cause of depression ?

Answer 7

increase in glutamate
- excites the neurons which increases depression

Question 8

What is Anhedonia ?

Answer 8

inability to feel pleasure in things you used to enjoy

Question 9

What is generalized anxiety disorder ?

Answer 9

excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months
- individual finds it difficult to control the worry

Question 10

How long does panic disorder last ?

Answer 10

typically lasts 15 to 30 minutes
- palpations, SOB, choking, depersonalization (face looks flat/no expression)
- more likely to occur in women

Question 11

What are paradoxical effects ?

Answer 11

effect of a drug that is opposite then what is expected
- increase in anxiety, aggressiveness, agitation, confusion, loss of impulse control, violent behavior, and even convulsions

Question 12

What causes ADHD/Narcolepsy ?

Answer 12

dysregulation of dopamine and norepinephrine
- both pathologies seem to be linked

Question 13

What is Narcolepsy ?

Answer 13

sleep disorder characterized by excessive worry daytime sleepiness, brief episodes of muscle weakness triggered by strong emotions

Question 14

What is ADHD ?

Answer 14

difficulty paying attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity

Question 15

What is clotting ?

Answer 15

process in which blood is converted to a semi-solid gel
- starts in veins and arteries and can move to other places in the body

Question 16

What can happen if too much clotting occurs ?

Answer 16

blood flow can be obstructed to major organs

Question 17

What happens if you are missing one factor of the clotting cascade ?

Answer 17

have an increased risk for bleeding

Question 18

How can Von Willebrand disease increase risk of a clotting disorder ?

Answer 18

missing von Willebrand factors which is a part of the clotting cascade
- ensure you can’t clot properly

Question 19

What is Hemophilia ?

Answer 19

bleeding disorders where there is a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for clotting
- males are primary affected

Question 20

In Hemophilia A what factor are you missing ?

Answer 20

Factor VIII
- most common
- produced by the liver and is required to form thromboplastin
- bleed for longer time but not at a faster rate

Question 21

In Hemophilia B what factor are you missing ?

Answer 21

Factor IX
- less common

Question 22

What lab tests can detect Hemophilia ?

Answer 22

• aPTT: the higher the number the higher the risk for bleeding
• factor levels

Question 23

What are some clinical manifestations of Hemophilia ?

Answer 23

• prolonged bleeding
• hemorrhage from trauma
• excessive bruising
• subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhages
• hematomas (blood collection somewhere)
• spontaneous hematuria (blood in urine)

Question 24

What are manifestations of DVT ?

Answer 24

blood clot in one or more of the deep veins, usually in the legs
- will have a pulse of some kind still
- venous clot
- redness, edema, pain
- warm skin
- positive Homan’s sign
- dehydration increased risk for clotting

Question 25

How do you prevent DVT ?

Answer 25

• sequential compression devices (SCDs)
• early and aggressive mobilization
• dorsiflex/plantar flex exercises in bed

Question 26

What determines the severity of hemophilia A ?

Answer 26

quantity of AHF