Exam 3 - Osteomyelitis Flashcards
(41 cards)
severe infection of the bone, bone marrow, and surrounding soft tissue
osteomyelitis
most common organism for osteomyelitis
Staphylococcus aureus
*educate: keep your nails short
indirect entry (hematogenous) risk factors
blunt trauma
GU, respiratory infection marked by vascular insufficiency disorder (infection spreads to the bone)
boys < 12 y/o
most common sites of osteomyelitis
vascular bones
- pelvis
- tibia
- vertebrae
direct entry risk factors
*most common
open wounds
foreign body present (including artificial joints, plates, etc)
bone death occurs as a result of ___
ischemia
dead bone is aka
sequestrum
thin membrane on the outside of your bones
periosteum
part of the periosteum that continues to have blood supply forms new bone called ___
involucrum
if sequestrum does not resolve on its own or debrided a sinus tract develops. What occurs with a sinus tract?
chronic, purulent cutaneous drainage from the tract
acute osteomyelitis last how long
< 1 month
*initial infection
local s/sx of osteomyelitis
pain, worsens with activity; unrelieved by rest swelling tenderness warmth restricted movement
systemic s/sx of osteomyelitis
fever night sweats chills restlessness nausea malaise drainage (late)
how long does chronic osteomyelitis last
> 1 month
fails to respond to abx treatment; process of exacerbation and treatment
granulation tissue turns into
scar tissue > avascular > ideal site for microorganism growth > cannot penetrate abx
long term and most rare complications
septicemia
septic arthritis
pathologic fractures
amyloidosis
Dx studies for osteomyelitis
bone, soft tissue injury (definitive way to Dx) blood, wound culture WBC ESR CRP CXR, MRI, CT scan bone scan
how long does it take for osteomyelitis to show on an XR?
10 days to weeks
how long for IV abx therapy
4-6 weeks or as long as 3-6 months
how are IV abx give at home
PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter)
port
CVAD (central venous access device; central line)
IV abx used for osteomyelitis
PCN naficillin( Nafcil) neomycin vancomycin Keflex cefazolin (Ancef) cefoxitin (Mefoxin) gentamycin (Garamycin) tobramycin (Nebcin)
PO abx used for chronic osteomyelitis or given after IV abx therapy
cipro
*6-8 weeks
bone grafts may help restore __ __
blood flow
what can develop d/t achilles tendon contracture if the foot is not properly supported in a neutral position by splint or boot
footdrop
