Exam 2 - CAD

Question 1

CAD leads to

Answer 1

ACS

Question 2

most common cardiovascular disease and accounts for majority of deaths

Answer 2

CAD

Question 3

do all pts with CAD show s/sx?

Answer 3

no, can be asymptomatic

Question 4

serious manifestations of CAD

Answer 4

unstable angina

MI / ACS

Question 5

aka “hardening of the arteries”

Answer 5

atherosclerosis

Question 6

atheromas (fatty deposits prefer which arteries?

Answer 6

coronary

Question 7

atherosclerosis is aka

Answer 7

arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD)
cardiovascular heart disease (CVHD)
ischemic heart disease (IHD)
coronary heart disease (CHD)
CAD

Question 8

damage to the endothelium (inner lining of the vessel wall) can be injured as a result of…

Answer 8

tobacco use
hyperlipidemia
HTN
toxins
DM
hyperhomocysteinemia
infection

Question 9

how do you know when CAD is usually well advanced?

Answer 9

when it becomes symptomatic

Question 10

stages of development of atherosclerosis

Answer 10

fatty streak
fibrous plaque
complicated lesion

Question 11

how soon can fatty streaks be seen in arteries?

Answer 11

15 y/o

Question 12

fibrous plaque can appear in the coronary arteries by age

Answer 12

30 and increases with age

Question 13

when a thrombus adheres to the wall of the artery leading to further narrowing or total occlusion of the artery

Answer 13

complicated lesion

Question 14

nonmodifiable risk factors

Answer 14

family hx
age
gender
race

Question 15

modifiable risk factors

Answer 15

hyperlipidemia
tobacco use
HTN
DM
metabolic syndrome
obesity

Question 16

normal BP

Answer 16

< 120/80

Question 17

pre-HTN

Answer 17

120-139/80-89

Question 18

stage 1 HTN

Answer 18

140-159/90-99

Question 19

stage 2 HTN

Answer 19

> 160/100

Question 20

cholesterol

*lab value

Answer 20

< 200

Question 21

triglycerides

*lab value

Answer 21

< 150

Question 22

HDL

*lab value

Answer 22

> 40

Question 23

LDL

*lab value

Answer 23

< 100

Question 24

what items are included in the 10 year risk factor for MI?

*7 items

Answer 24

age
gender
use of tobacco
SBP
use of BP drugs
total cholesterol
HDL

Question 25

smoking cessation interventions

Answer 25

``` nicotine patch bupropion (Zyban) acupuncture hypnosis imagery ```

Question 26

how much activity should be done weekly?

Answer 26

150 minutes/week or 75 minutes vigorous exercise *do not lose ability to talk during exercise

Question 27

obesity - BMI, weight circumference criteria

Answer 27

BMI > 30 waist M >40 waist F>35

Question 28

which body figures have a higher incidence for CAD

Answer 28

apple, pear

Question 29

Hgb A1C for DM should be less than

Answer 29

7%

Question 30

which lab is indicative of more aggressive CAD?

Answer 30

CRP

Question 31

arterial anastomoses or connections are aka

Answer 31

collateral circulation

Question 32

what 2 factors contribute to grown and extent of collateral circulation?

Answer 32

chronic ischemia | inherited predisposition

Question 33

T or F. Compared to a younger individual having an MI, older individuals are more likely to survive d/t collateral circulation.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

how to dx CAD

Answer 34

``` angina CRP cholesterol triglycerides cardiac cath ```

Question 35

how to identify individuals at risk for CAD

Answer 35

health hx, family hx cardio s/sx environmental patterns: diet, activity, life stressors values, beliefs about health, illness

Question 36

manage/control high-risk CAD individuals

Answer 36

``` encourage lifestyle changes educate clarify personal goals set realistic goals meds ```

Question 37

CAD diet

Answer 37

low saturated fats, cholesterol, red meat, egg yolks, whole milk high complex carbs, fiber, omega-3 fatty acids

Question 38

gerontologic considerations for physical activity

Answer 38

``` longer warm-up longer periods of low-level activity longer rest periods avoid extreme temps 30 minutes most days minimum ``` *most likely to change when hospitalized or symptomatic