Exam 4 - GI

Question 1

inflammation of the mouth

Answer 1

stomatitis

Question 2

cause of stomatitis

Answer 2

gingivitis
oral thrush
herpes simplex
aphthous stomatitis (canker sore)
parotitis

Question 3

gingivitis prevention

Answer 3

oral care
-brushing, flossing, dental checkup

fibrous foods

Question 4

s/sx of oral candidiasis

Answer 4

white patches
sore mouth/throat
yeasty breath

Question 5

treatment of thrush

Answer 5

antifungal meds
-nystatin
-miconazole
amphortericin B (lots of side effects)

at least 1 dose of IV diflucan

Question 6

predisposing factors for herpes simplex

Answer 6

URI
sunlight
stress

Question 7

herpes simplex treatment

Answer 7

camphor, corticosteroids
avoid predisposing factors
antivirals
*take when begins to sting

Question 8

treatment of aphthour stomatitis (canker sore)

Answer 8

corticosteroids

tetracycline

Question 9

inflammation of the parotid gland

Answer 9

parotitis

painful; can have exudate

Question 10

parotitis occurs with the ___

Answer 10

mumps

Question 11

parotitis treatment

Answer 11

abx
pain meds
mouth washes
warm compress
fluid intake
chewing gum

Question 12

inflammation of the gastric lining of stomach

breakdown of the gastric mucosal barrier

Answer 12

gastritis

acute, chronic

Question 13

gastritis risk factors

Answer 13

meds (NSAIDS, ASA, corticosteroids)
diet (alcohol, spicy foods, caffeine)
H. Pylori

female, > 60 y/o, hx of ulcers, taking multiple drugs that harm the stomach

Question 14

acute gastritis s/sx

Answer 14

anorexia
N/V
epigastric tenderness
feeling of fullness
hemorrhage (alcohol abuse)
self-limiting

lasts a few hours to days

Question 15

chronic gastritis s/sx

Answer 15

similar to acute
some are asymptomatic
pernicious anemia
*missing intrinsic factor for vitamin b12 absorption

Question 16

Dx gastritis

Answer 16

hx, symptoms of lifestyle
H. Pylori labs
stool for occult blood
EGD with bx
*definitive dx

Question 17

acute gastritis treatment

Answer 17

preventative

pain, N/V control
IVF
NGT
PPI, H2 receptor blockers

Question 18

chronic gastritis treatment

Answer 18

find, eliminate causes

alcohol
H. Pylori
smoking
stress reduction

Question 19

when does alcohol detox begin

Answer 19

day 3

Question 20

2 common GI conditions

Answer 20

GERD

hiatal hernia

Question 21

chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by reflux of stomach acid in the lower esophagus

not a disease but a syndrome

Answer 21

GERD

Question 22

stomach of the stomach pushes itself into the esophageal opening

Answer 22

hiatal hernia

Question 23

hiatal hernia is common in

Answer 23

older adults

chronic alcoholism

Question 24

hiatal hernia care is similar to

Answer 24

GERD

Question 25

cause of GERD

Answer 25

no single cause excess stomach acid foods sphincter not as tight as it should be

Question 26

GERD causes

Answer 26

``` low acid gas parasites hiatal hernia pregnancy obesity tight fitting clothes wrong posture large meals smoking medications H. Pylori excess exercise magnesium deficiency salt overuse ```

Question 27

GERD s/sx

Answer 27

``` regurgitation belching heartburn bitter taste gum problems hoarseness chest tightness sore throat asthma symptoms throat lump difficulty swallowing ```

Question 28

GERD complications

Answer 28

esophagitis chronic inflammation respiratory issues

Question 29

GERD dx is based on

Answer 29

symptoms

Question 30

when is additional testing for GERD done

Answer 30

pt does not respond to conventional therapy

Question 31

GERD lifestyle modifications

Answer 31

``` stop smoking decrease alcohol lose weight avoid triggers stress management avoid aggravating foods elevate HOB when sleeping **avoid sleeping in recliner ```

Question 32

GERD food triggers

Answer 32

``` alcohol chocolate caffeine fatty foods peppermint spearmint coffee acid gas producers ```

Question 33

PPI end in

Answer 33

-prazole

Question 34

PPI action

Answer 34

decrease acid

Question 35

PPI side effects

Answer 35

``` HA abdominal pain N/V diarrhea flatulence ```

Question 36

H2 receptor blockers end in

Answer 36

-tidine

Question 37

H2 receptor blockers action

Answer 37

decrease acid and pepsin

Question 38

H2 receptor blocker side effects

Answer 38

HA abdominal pain constipation diarrhea

Question 39

examples of antacids and acid neutralizers

Answer 39

``` Al hydroxide Ca carbonate (Tums) MagOx Sodium Bicarb (Alka-Seltzer) Al, Mg products ```

Question 40

antacid and acid neutralizer action

Answer 40

reduce acid

Question 41

side effects of antacid and acid neutralizers

Answer 41

various GI and electrolyte problems

Question 42

which patients should not be given magnesium

Answer 42

dialysis

Question 43

example of prokinetic agent

Answer 43

metoclopramide (reglan)

Question 44

action of prokinetic agents

Answer 44

increase GI motility withs with neuromuscular system to increase peristalsis

Question 45

side effects of prokinetic agents

Answer 45

CNS (anxiety, hallucinations) | tremors, dyskinesias

Question 46

action of Sucralfate (carafate)

Answer 46

coats mucosa | forms a barrier to protect the esophagus

Question 47

action of bethanechol (urecholine)

Answer 47

improves competency of LES | improves gastric emptying

Question 48

action of misoprostol (cytotec)

Answer 48

prostaglandin that protects lining of the stomach by increase mucous production

Question 49

GERD education

Answer 49

``` risk factor reduction low fat diet small, frequent meals do not be supine 2-3 hours after meals elevate HOB med teaching PPI before breakfast H. Pylori meds at Rx avoid triggers, irritants weight reduction psychosocial ```