EXAM 3 P6

Question 1

Barbara McClintock

Answer 1

discovered transposable elements in the 1940s

Question 2

transposable elements

Answer 2

segments of DNA that are always inserted within another DNA molecule, but never exist as free pieces of linear DNA
have the ability to jump
antibiotic resistance genes are frequently found in transposons

Question 3

insertion sequences (IS)

Answer 3

ubiquitous, found in all species

consists of the tnp gene with inverted repeats and terminal repeats.

Question 4

tnp gene

Answer 4

encodes a transposase, the enzyme that cuts the DNA at the ends of the transposon and drives the process of jumping

Question 5

conservative transposition

Answer 5

transposons exact piece of DNA moves without being replicated and is conserved entirely
is lost from the donor, making it more linear
aka “cut and paste”

Question 6

replicative transposition

Answer 6

the target site is duplicated and the transposon is replicated, making 2 copies present

Question 7

transposon insertion mutagenesis

Answer 7

putting several kbp of foreign DNA into the middle of a gene always destroys the genes functions

Question 8

genome sizes

Answer 8

1 mega base = 1000 genes, 1 gene per 1000 base pairs

Question 9

smaller genomes

Answer 9

live in a more consistent environment
less metabolic diversity
greater % genomes for housekeeping functions

Question 10

larger genomes

Answer 10

need a more variable environment

Question 11

structural genomics

Answer 11

figuring out what is in a genome. first determine the DNA sequence, then figure out where the genes are.
look for start/stop codons

Question 12

housekeeping functions

Answer 12

include transcription, translation, and replication

Question 13

functional genomics

Answer 13

trying to measure and quantify what genes are being expressed under specific conditions

Question 14

transcriptome

Answer 14

set of genes that is transcribed under a particular set of growth conditions. or, a set of RNA molecules in the cell under a set of conditions

Question 15

proteomics

Answer 15

the set of proteins in the cell under a particular set of environmental conditions

Question 16

metabolomics

Answer 16

identifying and quantifying all of the small molecules under varying conditions
GC/MS and LC/MS

Question 17

dramatic changes that lead to gain or loss of genes

Answer 17

duplication, deletion, and horizontal gene transfer

Question 18

paralogs

Answer 18

produced by duplication

similar genes with different functions in the same OR different species

Question 19

orthologs

Answer 19

produced by speciation

the same gene but in 2 different species

Question 20

core genome

Answer 20

set of genes you find in every strain of a species

defines the species

Question 21

pan genome

Answer 21

sum of all genes collected from all strains of a species