exam 3 - PDing

Question 1

4 ways of synchronising estrus

Answer 1

1 - inhibit LH secretion with progesterone
2 - shorten CL lifespan with PGF2a
3 - manage follicular development with GnRH, FSH, LH, eCG etc
4 - combination

Question 2

synchronisation rate

Answer 2

percentage of females detected in estrous compared to the total number of synchronised cows

Question 3

conception rate

Answer 3

percentage of females pregnant compared to number of females inseminated

Question 4

pregnancy rate

Answer 4

percentage of females pregnant compared to total number of synchronised females

Question 5

inhibition of LH synchronisation

Answer 5

use progesterone, LH inhibited, after progesterone removal, follicular growth, estrus and ovulation occurs in 2-8d

Question 6

shortening CL lifespan synchronisation

Answer 6

PGF2a 5d post ovulation then another 11-14d later, estrus will be 3-5d later so AI 72h after second shot if no signs of estrus

Question 7

ovsynch

Answer 7

give GnRH
give PGF2a 7d later
give GnRH 56-60h later
fixed AI 16-20h later
first GnRH will induce ovulation or atresia of dominant follicle, allowing new wave 1-2d later

Question 8

extra embryonic membranes

Answer 8

yolk sac
chorion
amnion
allantois

Question 9

placenta in mare

Answer 9

diffusa epitheliochorialis (6 layers)

Question 10

placenta in sow

Answer 10

diffusa epitheliochorialis (6 layers)

Question 11

placenta in bitch and queen

Answer 11

zonaria endotheliochorialis (5 layers)

Question 12

placenta in ruminants

Answer 12

cotyledonaria sinepitheliochorialis (6 layers)

Question 13

placenta in primates

Answer 13

discoidalis hemochorialis

Question 14

when and how can you tell sex of foetus in mare

Answer 14

d 90 by looking at genital tuberculum

Question 15

PD US in bitch

Answer 15

d18-20 = vesicles
d24-28 = heart beat

Question 16

PD abdo palpation in bitch

Answer 16

d18-21 oval distensions in horns
d28-30 spherical distension
d50 foetuses

Question 17

PD queen

Answer 17

US - d14 conceptus
d21 heartbeat

Question 18

when to do x ray for bitch PD

Answer 18

d45-50 after ossification to count number of pups

Question 19

how to check between pregnancy and pseudopregnancy

Answer 19

relaxin kit on d22-27

Question 20

rectal US PD cow

Answer 20

ovaries hard to palpate after d150
d35 - asymmetry of gravid horn, vesicle
d45 - chorioallantois with fetal membrane slip
2-3 months - large horn and 15cm foetus
d90-term - fremitus of middle uterine artery on left caudal pelvis
5-6month = negative phase of pregnancy
8-9m - foetus, measure metacarpus and placentomes

Question 21

heart beat in cow

Answer 21

from d20-25, 30 more accurate

Question 22

lab tests PD cow

Answer 22

oestrogen - d105
progesterone - take 21d after estrus, 100% for absence
EPF - 3d after AI
PL - from d160
pregnancy specific protein B - from d28-90ish
prolactin - peaks 20h before parturition

Question 23

vaginal exam PD cow

Answer 23

d60 - cervical seal
external cervix opening directed laterodorsal

Question 24

rectal exam PD mare

Answer 24

d17 - uterus toned, conceptus
d40 - embryo 6cm, ventral
3m - uterus over pelvic brim, fremitus
5-6m - negative phase
7-8m - palpate fetus, measure cranium and fetlock

Question 25

US PD mare

Answer 25

d9/11 - vesicle d16- vesicle 19-24mm d20- embryo d24 - heartbeat d59-68 - fetal sexing

Question 26

lab tests PD mare

Answer 26

eCG - in blood d38 post ovulation, max d60, gone d150 progesterone - d150 estrogen - in serum d60

Question 27

vaginal exam PD mare

Answer 27

d14 - mucosa pale pink, cervix small and points eccentrically, opening of cervix gradual filled with mucus plug

Question 28

high frequency US means

Answer 28

less penetration but better resolution -for rectal

Question 29

low frequency US means

Answer 29

better penetration but low resolution - for abdo

Question 30

when to test for progesterone for PD

Answer 30

1 estrus cycle length after AI

Question 31

PD US ewe and doe

Answer 31

doppler US d40-80 US rectal d21-50 US abdo best d45-50

Question 32

PD estrogen Ewę and doe

Answer 32

ewe - d30 doe d50

Question 33

rectal PD sow

Answer 33

d80 - fremitus d40 - horns can't be retracted in to pelvis d30 - ampulles on horns

Question 34

vaginal PD sow

Answer 34

biopsy - pregnant has 2-3 layers of epithelial cells without nuclei

Question 35

suitest PD sows

Answer 35

give estradiol and testosterone 8-18d post AI, non-pregnant will be in estrus 2-5d later

Question 36

US PD sows

Answer 36

d30-40 abdo d18 rectal