Exam 3- Respiratory and Cardiovascular

Question 1

Which part(s) of the autonomic nervous system innervates the smooth muscle of the lungs?

Answer 1

Both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions

Question 2

What are the tracheal rings only c-chaped instead of being complete rings?

Answer 2

Because the esophagus, located posterior to the trachea, must expand to allow passage of solid food

Question 3

Which one of these is true of lung disease?

Answer 3

Adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer in nonsmokers.

Question 4

Which of these muscles forms part of the vocal cords?

Answer 4

Vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles

Question 5

About how many alveoli are present in human lungs?

Answer 5

200 million

Question 6

In which movie does Chloe announce to her friends that she has “singer’s nodes”?

Answer 6

Pitch Perfect

Question 7

When you open your mouth and look at your throat in the mirror, which region of the pharynx do you see?

Answer 7

Oropharynx

Question 8

Where in the lungs does most of the exchange of O2 and CO2 from the blood occur?

Answer 8

Alveoli

Question 9

In smokers there is often a change of respiratory epithelia from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to stratified squamous epithelium. Why is this significant clinically?

Answer 9

Destruction of cilia prevents the clearing of mucus from the respiratory tract

Question 10

What is the function of club cells?

Answer 10

They produce surfactant.

Question 11

Which one of these epithelial types characterizes respiratory epithelium?

Answer 11

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 12

Which one of these is an effect of epinephrine on the lungs?

Answer 12

Bronchiolar dilation.

Question 13

Where is the olfactory epithelium located within the nasal passages?

Answer 13

On the roof of the nasal cavities and superior conchae

Question 14

What is another name for the windpipe?

Answer 14

Trachea

Question 15

Blood vessels, being living tissue, need O2 and nourishment also. How do they get it?

Answer 15

Through the small vessels called vas vasorum

Question 16

The word “Thrombogenic” means

Answer 16

Tending to form clots

Question 17

In the image below, which heart valve is being replaced?

Answer 17

Mitral valve (valve on the left side of heart, between left atrium and ventricle)

Question 18

Which of these blood vessels is the major determinant of systemic blood pressure?

Answer 18

Arterioles

Question 19

Which one of these heart chambers has the thickest muscular wall (myocardium)?

Answer 19

Left Ventricle

Question 20

A bulging in one of the larger arteries is known as a(n)

Answer 20

Aneurysm

Question 21

As systole (heart contraction) begins, which heart valves are closed?

Answer 21

The two atrioventricular valves

Question 22

During an inflammatory response, there is a loss of fluid from certain vessels into the surrounding tissues, causing edema. In which vessels is this loss of fluid the greatest?

Answer 22

Postcapillary venules

Question 23

The atrioventricular bundle is made of fibers made of impulse-conducting heart cells. It passes into the inter ventricular system and then branches into.

Answer 23

Left and Right bundles.

Question 24

Chordae tendinae are found in the ______________

Answer 24

Right ventricle

Question 25

Nerves of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system increase heart rate. Which nerve decreases heart rate by means of its parasympathetic fibers?

Answer 25

CN X

Question 26

You are a blood cell drifting along in the circulatory system. Starting in the right atrium, in which order will you pass through these three valves?

Answer 26

Tricuspid valve, Pulmonary valve, Aortic valve

Question 27

Which of these factors predisposes a person to developing atheroma?

Answer 27

A high LDL:HDL ratio.

Question 28

Which two layers of tissue contact each other, allowing the heart to expand and contract with relatively little friction?

Answer 28

Visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium.

Question 29

The autonomic innervation of the cardiovascular system includes important receptors. Which one of the following is correct?

Answer 29

Baroreceptors sense changes in tension, or pressure of blood flow in the vessels.

Question 30

Which very large vein empties into the left atrium?

Answer 30

Pulmonary veins

Question 31

The "pacemaker" of the heart is the

Answer 31

Sinoatrial node

Question 32

Why is the voice of males in general lower pitched than that of females?

Answer 32

The vocal cords are longer and so vibrate at a lower frequency.

Question 33

Which of these is true of the epiglottis?

Answer 33

It is composed of elastic cartilage.

Question 34

What is the correct order in which these structures conduct electrical impulses in the heart? 1. Left and right AV (atrioventricular) bundle branches 2. Purkinje fibers 3. Sinoatrial node

Answer 34

3, 1, 2

Question 35

Which one of these is true about the various types of paranasal sinuses?

Answer 35

They produce mucus

Question 36

Asthma attacks are associated with

Answer 36

Constriction of smooth muscle in the bronchioles.

Question 37

A continuous flow of fluid to moisten the olfactory epithelium is produced by the ___________________.

Answer 37

Olfactory glands

Question 38

Which one of these is true about baroreceptors in the large arteries?

Answer 38

Baroreceptors respond to pressure changes in the carotid artery and aorta.

Question 39

Which one of these is true of laryngitis?

Answer 39

It is typically due to viral infection. It can cause complete but temporary loss of voice. It is typically associated with edema of the laminae propia.

Question 40

Which of these is NOT true of olfactory neurons, or are they all true?

Answer 40

Olfactory neuron axons pierce the cribriform plate. Olfactory neuron dendrites have cilia. Olfactory neurons are bipolar.

Question 41

Which is true about heart contraction?

Answer 41

Contraction is under involuntary control and regulated by the vagus nerve

Question 42

Which of these types of vessels does not have valves?

Answer 42

Capillaries and venules

Question 43

The capillaries of endocrine organs are

Answer 43

Fenestrated, to allow passage of hormones into the blood.

Question 44

Which very large vein(s) empties into the right atrium of the heart?

Answer 44

Superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 45

Atherosclerosis typically occurs in which type of blood vessels?

Answer 45

Elastic and large muscular arteries

Question 46

Which one of these epithelial types characterizes respiratory epithelium?

Answer 46

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 47

Which one of these is a characteristic of intercalated disks?

Answer 47

They connect cardiac muscle cells end to end.

Question 48

You are a blood cell drifting along in the circulatory system. Starting in the right atrium, in which order will you pass through these organs/vessels/spaces?

Answer 48

Pulmonary valve, Left lung, Left atrium

Question 49

Which structure separates the nasal cavities from the oral cavity?

Answer 49

Hard palate

Question 50

The muscle of the left ventricle has Purkinje fibers of the conducting system located in which layer?

Answer 50

Endocardium, deep layer (subendocardium)

Question 51

What are the components of the "blood-air" barrier in the lungs?

Answer 51

Type I pneumocytes, capillary endothelial cells, and the fused basal laminae of these two layers.

Question 52

How large is the surface area of the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 52

10cm2

Question 53

The fluid that fills the spaces between cells in the surrounding tissue is called

Answer 53

Interstitial Fluid

Question 54

Which one of these cell types in the respiratory epithelium secretes mucus?

Answer 54

Goblet cells

Question 55

Which one of these is true about the lungs?

Answer 55

pneumothorax is the condition in which a lung is partially or fully collapsed

Question 56

Into what part of the pharynx do the Eustachian tubes open?

Answer 56

Nasopharynx

Question 57

The cells responsible for the production of hydrochloric acid are the

Answer 57

Parietal cells

Question 58

The cells responsible for the production of pepsinogen are the

Answer 58

Chief cells