Nervous Tissue

Question 1

Central nervous system

Answer 1

spinal cord, brain

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 2

cranial, spinal and peripheral nerves conducting impulses
Ganglia

Question 3

Sensory somatic

Answer 3

sensory input received consciously (eyes, ears, skin, musculoskeletal structures)

Question 4

Sensory visceral

Answer 4

sensory input not received consciously (internal organs and cardiovascular structures)

Question 5

Motor somatic

Answer 5

motor output controlled consciously (skeletal muscles)

Question 6

Motor autonomic

Answer 6

motor output not controlled consciously (heart or gland effectors)

Question 7

Neuron cells

Answer 7

functional units of PNS and CNS. Process information and generate response to stimuli

Question 8

Glial cells

Answer 8

support and protect neurons, participate in neural activities, neural activities, and defense of cells in CNS

Question 9

Three parts of the neuron

Answer 9

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

Question 10

Cell body

Answer 10

Large with a large nucleus and well-developed nucleolus

Question 11

what are nissl substances/ bodies?

Answer 11

large masses of free polyribosomes and RER, indicating a high rate of protein synthesis

Question 12

dendrites

Answer 12

receive input from other neurons

Question 13

Axon

Answer 13

carries impulses from cell body and is covered by a myelin sheat

Question 14

The space between the end of the axon and the cell membrane is the

Answer 14

synaptic cleft

Question 15

what enables the continuity of of the nerve impulse?

Answer 15

Neurotransmitters

Question 16

Neurons maintain:

Answer 16

an ionic gradient (electrical potential) across the cell membrane. They can change this gradient in response to stimulus

Question 17

Neurons conduct

Answer 17

nerve impulse, action potential, or depolarization wave.

Question 18

The nerve impulses are propagated along the axon as a wave produced by

Answer 18

voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels in the axolemma tat allow diffusion of these ions in the axoplasm

Question 19

what is the axolemma?

Answer 19

the cell membrane of axon

Question 20

what is axoplasm

Answer 20

the cytoplasm of axon

Question 21

communication with another neuron or effector cell occur via

Answer 21

synapse where neurotransmitter is released at the presynaptic membrane and binds receptors on the postsynaptic cell

Question 22

All neurons consist of

Answer 22

perikaryon (cell body) containing the nucleus
the axon which is a long cytoplasmic extension
one or more shorter processes called dendrites

Question 23

presynaptic terminals contain

Answer 23

large number of synaptic vesicles with neurotansmitters

Question 24

neurotransmitters are transported in

Answer 24

vesicles to the presynaptic terminal

Question 25

Neurotransmitters are released by

Answer 25

exocytosis from the terminal bouton

Question 26

the transmission of nerve impulses is

Answer 26

unidirectional

Question 27

synapses convert

Answer 27

an electrical signal from the presynaptic cell into a neurotransmitter that affects the postsynaptic cell

Question 28

synapses ca be etiher ____ or ______

Answer 28

excitatory or inhibitory

Question 29

excitatory

Answer 29

depolarizes cell membrane

Question 30

inhibitory

Answer 30

hyperpolarizes cell membrane

Question 31

what are local anesthetics

Answer 31

low-molecular-weight molecules that bind to the voltage-gated sodium channels, interfering with sodium ion influx and inhibiting the action potential responsible for nerve impulse

Question 32

What causes Parkinson's disease

Answer 32

loss of dopamine-producing neurons

Question 33

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRI

Answer 33

designed to increase levels of serotonin at the postsynaptic membrane by inhibiting the re-uptake at the presynaptic membrane

Question 34

What is the principal signal reception and processing sites on neurons?

Answer 34

Dendrites

Question 35

In the CNS most synapses on dendrites occur on

Answer 35

dendritic spines, membrane protrusions along the small dendritic branches

Question 36

What changes are important in neural plasticity

Answer 36

dendritic spine morphology changes as synaptic connections on neurons are modified

Question 37

what is neuroplasticity

Answer 37

the ability of neural networks in the brain to change through growth and reorganization