Exam 3 Review Flashcards
(48 cards)
defined as: the study of postures and movements and also the functions of mind and body that govern posture and movement
-Brooks
motor control
movement is?
the interaction of task, individual and the environment
individual constraints
cognition
perception
action
environment constraints
regulatory
non-regulatory
task constraints
stability
mobility
manipulation
degrees of freedom
action- individual constraint
perception- individual constraint
interpreting sensory info
cognition- individual constraint
attention
problem solving
motivation
emotion
size, shape and weight of objects
variability of surface walking on
regulatory environment constraints
background noise and distractions
non-regulatory environmental constraint
Reflexes Building Blocks of Motor Control
Reflexes work in sequence to create movement
reflex theory
Top Down approach to control of movement
CNS set up with Higher, Middle, Lower levels of control
Higher control Middle and Middle controls lower without variation
hierarchal theory
Motor Programs (Central Pattern Generators) drive movement without the need for sensory input.
motor programming theory
wasp without a head example of what theory
motor programming
Look at whole body as a mechanical system and integrate all the forces acting on the body to control or influence the movement. This is the theory where degrees of freedom come into
play. All of the varied degrees of freedom in any given movement need to be coordinated in order for
the movement to be smooth an controlled. We therefore use synergistic patterns to control
movement.
systems theory
theory where they use degrees of freedom and synergistic patterns
system theory
Movement emerges as a result of elements in the environment as needed –not as a result of specific commands from the CNS or from premeditated motor programs.
Control parameters can change thereby creating a change in the system and a new motor
behavior. Increasing velocity of gait will transition one into a jog and then into a run.
dynamic action theory
______ can change thereby creating a change in the system and a new motor behavior.
control parameters
which theory utilizes control parameters?
dynamic action theory
We detect information from our environment relevant to action and use that
information to control movement. Move in the environment to
ecological theory
This theory suggests that nervous system function is a perception action system and not simply a sensory-motor system.
ecological theory
The individual is an active explorer of the environment. Adaptability of tasks is accounted for. The example of being able to short sit in a variety of chairs is explained by this theory.
ecological theory
An individual who has difficulty rising to standing from a short chair will enter a room with a
choice of seating options and choose the higher chair. They have perceived that the higher chair will be easier to get into and out of and will choose to interact with their environment in this
way.
ecological theory
Limitation of what theory: because they require an external stimulus to be generated. How then would one explain spontaneous movement or volitional movement. If they drove
movement we would have to rely on external stimuli to initiate anything.
reflex theory
