Exam 3 - Revised Flashcards
2
Q
Main ingredients in opium
A
codeine, morphine, and thebaine
3
Q
Correct order of potency (potent to most potent)
A
codeine, morphine, heroin, fentanyl
4
Q
Appropriate use for Lithium
A
Bipolar
5
Q
Heroin was originally used for?
A
Coughing
6
Q
An appropriate use for disulfram (Antabuse) is
A
Alcohol abuse
7
Q
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a
A
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
8
Q
Stimulants and opiates…(Pupil size)
A
Stimulants increase pupil size and opiates decrease puil size
9
Q
Which of the following is not a major producer of opium?
A
United States
10
Q
The generic chemical name for Imodium is
A
Loperamide
11
Q
Opiates can be used to treat
A
All of the above
12
Q
An appropriate use for SSRIs is
A
All of the anove
13
Q
Which of the following has the longest duration of effect?
A
Buprenorphine
14
Q
An appropriate medical use for clozapine (Clozaril) is
A
Schizophrenia
15
Q
Medication to treat schizophrenia targets which neurotransmitter?
A
Dopamine
16
Q
Moclobemide (Manerix) is a
A
MAO inhibitor
17
Q
An appropriate use for lorazepam (Ativan) is
A
Acute Anxiety
18
Q
Appropriate use for lisdexafetamine (Vyvanse) is
A
ADHD
19
Q
An appropriate medical use for carbamazepine (Tegretol) is
A
Bipolar
20
Q
Which of the following is not a typical side effect of SSRIs?
A
Loss of appetite
21
Q
Roughly what percentage of North American adults have taken a prescription drug in the last month?
A
50%
22
Q
What psychoactive ingredient is found in willow bark?
A
Aspirin
23
Q
Opioids differ form each other in
A
All of the above
24
Q
The main difference between opioids and opiates is that?
A
Opioids are synthetic and opiates are natural
25
The proper chemical name for aspirin is
Acetlsalicilic Acid
26
WHich of the following medications is effective for anorexia?
None of the above
27
Opiate and opioid OD is caused by
Respiratory failure
28
The main psychoactive drug in opium is
Morphine
29
An appropriate medical use for SSRIs is
All of the above
30
If someone with ADHD was intolerant to amphetamines and methylphenidate (ritalin), the next best thing would be?
Bupropion
31
Suboxone is
Buprenorphine combined with naloxone
32
Which drug would you give for an opioid OD
Naloxone
33
An acute manic episode is best treated with
Antipsychotics
34
Which of the following is not an opiate?
Codeine
35
Medication to treat schizophrenia usually targets which neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
36
Opium is derived from
Poppy Plants
37
Opiates mimic which neurotransmitters?
Endorphins
38
The increase in drug use in Canada in the past 30 years is primarily due to increased use of
Antidepressants
39
Which of the following is false (Benadryl)
Benadryl is an amphetamine
40
Which of the following is false? (Caffeine)
Caffeine works just as well as amphetamines for treatment of ADHD
41
Which of the following is false (stimulant medication)
Stimulant medication reliably improves the academic performance in ADHD children
42
Which of the following is false (mental health medication Europe)
Use of mental health medication is higher in Europe compared to North America
43
Which of the following is false? (Antipsychotics)
Zolpidem (Ambien) is an antipsychotic
44
Which of the following is false (Stimulant medication and behaviour)
Stimulant medication does not improve on-task behaviour with majority of children with ADHD
45
Which of the following is false? (Neurotransmitters)
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are used for Bipolar disorder
46
Which of the following is false (Phenotiazines)
Phenotiazines cause an increase in emotionality
47
Which of the following is false (Melatonin)
Melatonin is inneffective for insomnia
48
Which of the following is false concerning opiates/ opioids? - Lipid Solubility
Highly lipid-soluble
49
Which is false concerning peripherally acting analgesics?
Aspirin is derived from poplar trees
50
Which of the following is false concerning peripherally acting analgesics?
Aspirin prevents diabetes
51
Which of the following is false concerning opiates and opioids?
Laudanum is opium combined with cocaine
52
Which peripherally acting analgesic for pain should you take in the following situations a: a child with gastrointestinal problems and b: an adult with cardiovascular problems
A: Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
B: Aspirin or Naproxen
53
Identify an appropriate pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment for panic disorder
- Pharmaceutical: SSRIs, SNRIs, Tricyclics, Benzodiazepines
- Non-Pharmaceutical: Desensitization, Relaxation training, Cognitive restructuring
54
Identify 2 modern medicinal uses for opaites and/ or opioids
- Pain
- Coughing
- Diarrhea
- Anesthesia
- Treatment of addictions
55
How do amphetamines work in treating ADHD?
Stimualte reward centre of brain making things more intrinsically interesting
56
Why do psychotropic medications increase the chronicity of mental health problems?
Cause down-regulation of nautrally occuring neurotransmitters, so difficult to withdraw from the drug
57
Identify 1) Medication that successfully treats alcohol addiction 2) a drug substitution treatment for alcohol addiction
1- Naltrexone, acamprosate, topiramate, disulfram (antabuse)
2- Benzodiazepines
58
What accounts for signifcant increase in people taking prescription medications in Canada?
- Family physicans being main health practitioners
- Patients looking for 'quick fix'
- Wide range of mental health conditions that can be treated
- Anxiety, depression, mania, schizophrenia, ADHD, autism, bulimia, dementia, sexual disorders, drug abuse
- Relatively mid short-term side affects
59
Name 4 most common peripherally acting analgesics
1. Aspirin
2. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
3. Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
4. Naproxen (Aleve)
5. Diclofenac (Voltarin)
60
How do amphetamines work in treating ADHD?
Stimulate reward centre of the brain making things more intrinsically rewarding
61
Identify an appropriate pharmaceutcial and non-pharmaceutical treatment for treating OCD
- Pharmaceuticals: SSRIs, clomipramine
- Desensitization with response prevention, cognitive restructuring
62
Explain how exercise produces an elevated mood
- Reduces cortisol
- Increased blood flow to the brain
- Elevates endorphines, endocannabinoids, and BDNF
63
Identify an appropriate pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment for children with ADHD
- Pharmaceutical: Methylphenidate, Amphetamines, Bupropion, EmpowerPlus, Omega 3 fatty acids
- Non-Pharmaceutical: Behaviour modification programs, more engaging individualized interactive classrooms, exercise
64
Identify an appropriate pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment for insomnia
- Pharmaceutical: Melatonin, antihistamines, nonbenzodiazepine, cannabis
- Non-Pharmaceutical: Regular sleep schedule, no daytime naps, no caffeine after supper, exercise during the day, meditation, minimize bright light at night and maximize in the morning, using bed only for sleep and getting out of bed when not sleepy
65
Identify and appropriate pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatment for generalized anxiety
- Pharmaceutical: Buspirone (buspar), antidepressants, pregabalin (lyrica), Gabapentin (neuroontin), abecarnil, bretazenil
- Non-Pharmaceutical: Cognitive restructuring, exercise, meditation, relaxation training, perhaps omega-3 fatty acids
66
Indicate some long-term effects of opioid use
- Profound tolerance and strong dependence
- If it is illegally sourced, it can lead to crime
- Constipation, indigestion, nausea
- Increased risk of sexual dysfunction, fatigue, depression, sleep apnea, neuropsychological deficits, and increased sensitivity to pain
67
Neurobiological Mechanism of Peripherally Acting Analgesics
Inhibit enzymes related to production of prostaglandins (lipids having hormone-like effects), which mediate pain, inflammation, and fever
68
Neurochemical Mechanism of Phenothiazines
Reduces dopaminergic activity in 3 principal dopmainergic systems (limbic pituitary, and basal ganglia) by blocking D2 dopamine receptors. Also causes downstream effect of RAS depression and a decrease in the release of Ach
69
Neurochemical Mechanism of Lithium
Decreases neural responsiveness of NE and/or dopamine and/or serotonin neurons by allowing lithium ions to substitute for sodium ions during an action potential
70
Neurochemical Mechanism of Opiates
Mimicks endogenous opiates (endorphins, dysnorphins, and enkelphalines), which inhibits neurotransmission; in spinal cord to inhibit substance P release; in VTA inhibits GABA neurons thus disinhibiting dopaminergic neurons and increasing dopamine input in nucleus accumbens
71
Neurochemical Mechanism of Methylphenidate
Dopamine reuptake inhibtor and very weak norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Increase activity of the reward system and prefrontal cortex
72
Neurochemical Mechanism of Amphetamines
Increase release of dopamine and norepinephrine inhibiting reuptake
73
Neurochemical Mechanism of Benzodiazepines
