Exam 3 Urinary And Reproductive Disorders

Question 1

A digital rectal examination in a patient reveals significant enlargement of the prostrate gland that is firm, painless and generalized. Which medications do you anticipate from the primary health care provider to treat the patient?

Answer 1

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

Question 2

A 70 y/o male presents with symptoms suggestive of urinary obstruction. Exam and digital rectal exam identifies several hard, fixed, masses located along the periphery of the prostate. MRI identifies a dense mass near the periphery that is not. Nodular hyperplasia of granular tissue. Which of the following diagnostic tests is needed to confirm a diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma?

Answer 2

Prostate biopsy

Question 3

A 62 y/o with poorly managed type 2 diabetes reports fatigue, malaise, he mature a and significant weight gain. Exam identifies cool skin, distended abdomen, and bilateral LE pitting edema with tenderness and pain. Several blood labs include a complete metabolic panel, serum creatinine clearance monitoring and urinalysis. Which os the following lab findings would be diagnostic of chronic renal failure?

Answer 3

High serum creatinine, high blood urea nitrogen and hyperkalemia

Question 4

Generalized edema can develop in patients with unmanaged, severe chronic glomerulopathy is due to:

Answer 4

Excretion of plasma proteins into the urine

Question 5

A patient with poorly managed hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis reports severe flank pain, hematuria and dysuria. What disorder is the patient most likely affected by?

Answer 5

Urolithiasis

Question 6

What is any condition that blocks free flow of urine from the body?

Answer 6

Obstructive uropathy

Question 7

What is the inability to hold urine and is caused by neurological, muscular, or neuromuscular injury of dysfunction?

Answer 7

Incontinency

Question 8

What is the rate of blood filtration and the clinical indicator of renal function?

Answer 8

Golmerural filtration rate (GFR)

Question 9

What are the normal values of GFR in males and females?

Answer 9

Males: 125 ml/min

Females 105 ml/min

Question 10

What filters the bold producing glomerular filtrate?

Answer 10

Glomerular membrane

Question 11

What are the wastes products from amino acid metabolism?

Answer 11

Urea and ammonia

Question 12

What is a waste product of creatine phosphate metabolism in skeletal muscles?

Answer 12

Creatinine

Question 13

What is a waste product of DNA/RNA metabolism?

Answer 13

Uric acid

Question 14

What is essential for bloodstream filtration of waste products and the excretion of these products in urine. This also has a major role in regulating homeostasis and metabolizing substances such as toxins, drugs and hormones.

Answer 14

Renal and kidney function

Question 15

What hormone causes our kidneys to absorb sodium and water and excrete potassium?

Answer 15

Aldosterone

Question 16

What is decreased blood flow and perfusion to the kidney caused be cardiogenic or hypovolemia shock or renal ischemia that damages the nephron tubules causing acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 16

Prerenal dysfunction

Question 17

What are injuries that occur within the kidney such as renal disease, trauma, infection, or nephrotoxic drugs?

Answer 17

Intrarenal dysfunctions

Question 18

What are obstructions of urine outflow from the kidney such as fluid accumulation that induces ureter dilation and hydronephrosis or urinary tract obstruction?

Answer 18

Postrenal dysfunction

Question 19

Pt. Presents with insufficient filtration and secretion of wastes, abnormal urine output, does not maintain acid base balance, excess renin, acidosis, anemia and excessive accumulation or water and potassium. What is likely their diagnosis?

Answer 19

Renal dysfunction or failure

Question 20

A pt has elevated BUN and serum creatinine levels and decreased GFR and decreased creatinine clearance. What is likely a diagnosis?

Answer 20

Renal and kidney dysfunction

Question 21

What is the chemical and microscopic analysis of urine?

Answer 21

Urinalysis

Question 22

Urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence, nocturia, fever and chills, dysuria, hematuria, pyuria, and dyspareunia are all common signs and symptoms of what?

Answer 22

Renal and urinary disorders

Question 23

What is peritoneal diffusion used to remove waste products and excess fluid?

Answer 23

Peritoneal dialysis

Question 24

What is it called when blood is removed from the circulatory system and purified by a machine. This is when a patients blood is drawn out of the body and passed through a device called a dialyzer.

Answer 24

Hemodialysis

Question 25

This is inflammation and glomerular dysfunction with proteinuria, hematuria oliguria and edema.

Answer 25

Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 26

This is an injury to the golmerulus causing proteinuria and low on optic pressure leading to edema but the hyper mobility of the glomerular membrane allows albumin and plasma protein loss.

Answer 26

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 27

This presents with massive albuminuria with edema that leads to hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema in the face

Answer 27

Nephrotic syndrome