Exam 3 Vocab

Question 1

polyploidy

Answer 1

situation where three, four or more sets of chromosomes are present

Question 2

virulent

Answer 2

phage that grow only via lytic life cycel

Question 3

chromosome walk

Answer 3

method of cloning that takes advantage of the chromosomal location of a gene and its proximity to a cloned gene

Question 4

allopolyploidy

Answer 4

composed of multiple sets of chromosomes from different species

Question 5

Southern Blot

Answer 5

used to assess particular region of DNA from an organism involving isolating DNA cutting with restriction endonuclease, separating fragments by agrose gel electrophoresis and transferring to a membrane to incubate with a detectable nucleic acid probe

Question 6

conjugation

Answer 6

the exchange of DNA between bacterial cells involving direct contact between partcipating cells

Question 7

lysogen

Answer 7

bacterial cell that harbors a phage genome integrated within the bacterial genome

Question 8

specialized transduction

Answer 8

ability of some phage to transfer specific bacterial sequences between cells

Question 9

euploidy

Answer 9

having whole multiple of haploid chromosome set

Question 10

holocentric

Answer 10

centromere is located along the length of a chromosome

Question 11

endopolyploidy

Answer 11

in many animals, some cells may be polyploid

Question 12

autopolyploid

Answer 12

composed of multiple sets of chromosomes from same species

Question 13

homeologous

Answer 13

different sets of chromosomes that are only partly homologous

Question 14

endoreduplication

Answer 14

replication without nuclear division

Question 15

experimental allopolyploidy

Answer 15

from somatic cells rather than gametes

Question 16

aneuploidy

Answer 16

chromosome number differs from normal by less than a full chromosomal set

Question 17

polysomy

Answer 17

extra individual chromosome

Question 18

monosomy

Answer 18

missing one copy of a chromosome

Question 19

prokaryotes

Answer 19

genetic material in region lacking clear boundaries

Question 20

conjugation

Answer 20

process by which DNA transferred from donor to recipient by direct contact via cytoplasmic bridge

Question 21

episome

Answer 21

genetic element that can exist free in cell or integrated into chromosome

Question 22

transformation

Answer 22

take up of free DNA from environment

Question 23

lytic

Answer 23

infection ultimately ruptures cell

Question 24

lysogenic

Answer 24

virus integrates into bacterial chromosome

Question 25

temperate

Answer 25

phage capable of lysogenic and lytic growth

Question 26

transduction

Answer 26

transfer of bacterial cell by phage

Question 27

prophage

Answer 27

prophage containing cell

Question 28

transgenic organisms

Answer 28

introduce gene from one species into genome of second species

Question 29

retrovirus

Answer 29

inserts into chromosome at random

Question 30

adenovirus

Answer 30

persists extrachromosomally

Question 31

adeno-related virus

Answer 31

advantage of adenovirus

Question 32

lentivirus

Answer 32

less prone to insertional mutagenesis

Question 33

knock-out techniques

Answer 33

start with gene and use to get the mutation

Question 34

chimeric

Answer 34

organism possessing cells with differing DNA

Question 35

generalized transduction

Answer 35

the ability of some bacteriophage to transfer any sufficiently small portion of bacterial chromosome from one strain to another

Question 36

nucleoid

Answer 36

region of bacterial cell in which genome resides which is not separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane

Question 37

merodiploid

Answer 37

bacterial cell that is diploid for a portion of its genome

Question 38

heteroplasmy

Answer 38

presence of a mixture of mutant and wildtype organelles such as mitochondria