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NURS 472A > Exam 3 (Week 10) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Week 10) Flashcards

(124 cards)

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1
Q

are insulin preparations anabolic or catabolic:

A

anabolic

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2
Q

What is unique about insulin preparations

A

different time courses

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3
Q

What color should most insulin preparations be?

A

clear and colorless

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4
Q

What is important to monitor with insulin preparations?

A

blood glucose levels

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5
Q

What is crucial with insulin preparations?

A

storage is crucial

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6
Q

What is the brand name of NPH insulin?

A

novolin N

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7
Q

Pharmacological class of NPH insulin:

A

intermediate-acting insulin

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8
Q

Therapeutic class of NPH insulin:

A

antidiabetic

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9
Q

MOA of NPH insulin:

A
  1. Stimulates cellular
    transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides and potassium
  2. Promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules
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10
Q

Uses of NPH insulin:

A
  1. Diabetes mellitus (DM)
    - Type 1 and 2
  2. hyperkalemia
  3. diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency
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11
Q

What is unique about NPH insulin?

A

It appears cloudy unlike most insulins

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12
Q

What is the brand name of insulin glargine?

A

Lantus

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13
Q

Pharmacological class of insulin glargine:

A

long-acting insulin

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14
Q

Therapeutic class of insulin glargine:

A

antidiabetic

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15
Q

MOA of insulin glargine:

A
  1. Stimulates cellular
    transport (uptake) of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides and potassium
  2. Promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules
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16
Q

Uses of insulin glargine:

A
  1. Diabetes mellitus (DM)
    - Type 1 and 2
  2. hyperkalemia
  3. diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency
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17
Q

What is the brand name of metformin?

A

glucophage

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18
Q

Pharmacological class of metformin:

A

biguanide

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19
Q

therapeutic class of metformin:

A

antidiabetic

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20
Q

MOA of metformin:

A
  1. Inhibits glucose production in the liver
  2. Sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues
  3. Slightly reduces glucose absorption in the gut
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21
Q

Uses of metformin:

A
  1. Glycemic control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
  2. Prevention of Type 2 DM
  3. Gestational diabetes
  4. Polycystic ovary
    syndrome (PCOS)
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22
Q

Adverse effects of metformin:

A
  1. Hypoglycemia
  2. Decreased appetite
  3. Nausea
  4. Diarrhea
  5. Lactic acidosis
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23
Q

1 nursing implication of metformin:

A

educate patient on the early signs of lactic acidosis

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24
Q

What route are biguanides administered?

A

orally

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25
What is the brand name of glyburide?
DiaBeta
26
Pharmacological class of glyburide:
second-generation sulfonylurea
27
therapeutic class of glyburide:
antidiabetic
28
MOA of glyburide:
1. Stimulate release of insulin from pancreatic islets by binding with and blocking ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the cell membrane
29
Uses of glyburide:
Type 2 DM
30
Adverse effects of glyburide:
1. hypoglycemia | 2. weight gain
31
1 nursing implication of glyburide:
educate patient on signs of hypoglycemia
32
How many generations are there of sulfonylureas?
2
33
How are sulfonylureas (glyburide) administered?
orally
34
What is the brand name of glucagon?
glucagon emergency kit
35
pharmacological class of glucagon:
polypeptide hormone
36
Therapeutic class of glucagon:
antihypoglycemic
37
MOA of glucagon:
1. Promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose 2. Reduces conversion of glucose to glycogen 3. Stimulates biosynthesis of glucose 4. Relaxes GI smooth muscle
38
Uses of glucagon:
treatment of severe hypoglycemia
39
adverse effects of glucagon:
hyperglycemia
40
1 nursing implication of glucagon:
educate patient on prevention of hypoglycemia
41
How is glucagon administered?
subcutaneous injection
42
Why would a glucagon be used?
Emergency rescue when patient is unconscious from extremely low blood sugars
43
What is the brand name of levothyroxine?
synthroid
44
Pharmacological class of levothyroxine:
synthetic thyroxin (T4)/thyroid hormone
45
Therapeutic class of levothyroxine:
drug for hypothyroidism
46
MOA of levothyroxine:
1. Synthetic preparation of thyroxine (T4) 2. Stimulation of energy use 3. Stimulation of the heart 4. Promotion of growth and development
47
Uses of levothyroxine:
1. Hypothyroidism o Hormone replacement therapy
48
Adverse effects of levothyroxine:
1. rare | 2. acude overdose (thyrotoxicosis)
49
1 nursing implication of levothyroxine:
educate patient on signs of acute overdose
50
What do thyroid hormone drugs equalize:
equalizes T3 and T4
51
What do you monitor with thyroid hormones:
monitor plasma blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH
52
What is the brand name of methimazole?
tapazole
53
Pharmacological class of methimazole:
thionamide
54
Therapeutic class methimazole
antithyroid
55
MOA of methimazole:
1. Suppress synthesis of thyroid hormones by preventing the oxidation of iodide and preventing iodinated tyrosines from coupling
56
Uses of methimazole:
1. Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism) 2. Goiter 3. Thyrotoxic crisis (Thyroid Storm)
57
Adverse effects of methimazole:
1. Agranulocytosis 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Effects in pregnancy and lactation
58
1 nursing implication of methimazole:
Educate patient on signs of agranulocytosis
59
What does methimazole:
safe handling - CDC list of hazard drugs
60
What may also be used as antithyroid drug?
radioactive iodine
61
What is the brand name of somatropin?
genotropin
62
Pharmacological class of somatropin:
growth hormone (GH)
63
Therapeutic class of somatropin:
GH deficiency
64
MOA of somatropin:
1. Polypeptide hormone produced by anterior pituitary to help regulate growth 2. Promotes protein synthesis 3. Reduces glucose utilization
65
Uses of somatropin:
adult or pediatric growth hormone deficiency
66
Adverse effects of somatropin:
1. hyperglycemia 2. neutralizing antibodies 3. death
67
What do you want to monitor with somatropin?
plasma blood sugar levels
68
Excess growth hormone can cause what in children? in adults?
1. in children = gigantism | 2. in adults = acromegaly
69
What is the brand name of desmopressin?
DDAVP
70
Pharmacological class of desmopressin:
antipyretic hormone (ADH)
71
Therapeutic class of desmopressin:
diabetes insipidus
72
MOA of desmopressin:
1. Hormone that acts on the kidney to cause reabsorption of water 2. Stimulates contraction of vascular smooth muscle and smooth muscle of the GI tract
73
Uses of desmopressin:
1. hypothalamic diabetes insipidus | 2. cardiac arrest
74
Adverse effects of desmopressin:
water intoxication
75
1 nursing implication of desmopressin:
promote adherence - treatment is lifelong
76
what is natural antidiuretic hormone also called:
vasopressin
77
What is the brand name of hydrocortisone?
cortef
78
Pharmacological class of hydrocortisone:
synthetic steroid/glucocorticoid
79
therapeutic class of hydrocortisone:
adrenocorticoid insufficiency
80
MOA of hydrocortisone:
1. Increase availability of glucose 2. Maintain functional integrity of vascular system 3. Support function of skeletal muscle 4. Affect mood, CNS excitability 5. Stress response 6. Accelerate lung maturation 7. Anti-inflammatory (Ch 72) 8. Immunosuppressant (Ch 72)
81
Uses of hydrocortisone:
``` 1. Replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency o Addison’s Disease 2. Adrenal crisis 3. Non-endocrine disorders ```
82
Adverse effects of hydrocortisone:
1. Excess levels cause Cushing’s Syndrome | 2. Primary hyperaldosteronism
83
1 nursing implication for hydrocortisone:
promote adherence - treatment is lifelong
84
Where is glucocorticoid produced by?
adrenal cortex
85
What is the most important glucocorticoid?
cortisol
86
what do low doses of glucocorticoids cause?
physiological effects
87
what do high doses of glucocorticoids cause?
pharmacological effects
88
What are mineralocorticoids produced by?
adrenal cortex
89
What is the most important mineralocorticoid?
aldosterone
90
What is the secretion of mineralocorticoid controlled by?
RAAS
91
What is the brand name of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone
loestrin
92
Pharmacological class of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:
Estrogen plus progestin
93
Therapeutic class of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone
combination oral contraceptive
94
MOA of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:
1. Interference with reproductive process at any step from gametogenesis to implantation 2. Combination oral contraceptives (OCs) reduce fertility by INHIBITING OVULATION
95
Uses of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone
1. Prevention of pregnancy | 2. Menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HT/HRT)
96
Adverse effects of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:
``` o Thromboembolic disorders o Hypertension o Abnormal uterine bleeding o Headaches ```
97
1 nursing implication of ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:
Promote strict regimen adherence
98
ethanol estradiol/norethindrone: require what?
safe handling
99
What is the length of the schedule for ethanol estradiol/norethindrone:
28-day-cycle schedules
100
What is the brand name of norethindrone:
camila
101
Pharmacological class of norethindrone:
progestin-only
102
Therapeutic class of norethindrone:
oral contraceptive
103
MOA of norethindrone:
1. Interference with reproductive process at any step from gametogenesis to implantation 2. Progestin-only OCs alter cervical secretions causing thick, sticky mucus that acts as a barrier to sperm penetration
104
Uses of norethindrone:
1. Prevention of pregnancy | 2. Menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HT/HRT)
105
Adverse effects of norenthindrone:
irregular bleeding
106
What is required with norenthindrone:
safe handling
107
What is the brand name of sildenafil?
viagra
108
Pharmacological class of sildenafil:
phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor
109
Therapeutic class of sildenafil:
Drug for erectile dysfunction
110
MOA of sildenafil:
1. Selective inhibition of PDE5 causes increases and preservation of cGMP levels in the penis making erection harder and longer lasting 2. Sexual stimuli must be present
111
Uses of sildenafil:
in men with erectile dysfunction (ED)
112
Adverse effects of sildenafil:
1. Hypotension 2. Priapism 3. Headache 4. Flushing 5. Dyspepsia
113
1 nursing implication of sildenafil:
education patient on max daily dose
114
How is sildenafil administered?
orally
115
What suffix are PDE5 inhibitors known by:
-fil
116
What is the brand name of finasteride?
prosper
117
Pharmacological class of finasteride:
5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors
118
Therapeutic class of finasteride:
Drug for benign prostatic hyperplasia
119
MOA of finasteride:
1. Acts in reproductive tissue to inhibit 5-alpha- redeuctase, an enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the active form of testosterone in the prostate
120
Uses of finasteride:
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
121
Adverse effects of finasteride:
1. decrease in ejactulate volume and libido | 2. gynecomastia
122
1 nursing implication of finasteride:
promote adherence
123
What is important about finasteride?
it requires special handling
124
What are also used to treat BPH?
Alpha1 adrenergic antagonists

NURS 472A (9 decks)

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