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Health Psychology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

define stress

A

emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, cognitive, and behavioral change directed towards either altering or accomodating its effects

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2
Q

define stressors

A

stressful events

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3
Q

characteristics of fight or flight response

A

adaptive yet harmful

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4
Q

define the general adaptation syndrome

A

regardless of the cause of the threat, we respond witht he same physiological pattern of rections

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5
Q

what are the three phases of the general adaptation syndrome

A

alarm
resistance
exhaustion

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6
Q

criticisms of the general adaptation syndrome

A

limits role of psychological factors

assumes that all responses are the same

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7
Q

explain the tend and befriend theory

A

we respond with social affiliation and nurturant behavior toward offspring

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8
Q

what is the stress hormone

A

oxytocin

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9
Q

what are the psychological appraisals of stress

A

primary appraisal- the meaning of the stressor

secondary appraisal– assessment of coping abilities and resources

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10
Q

characteristics of sympathetic adrenomedullary sstem

A

threats labeled by cerebral cortex

fight or flight response

secretes epi and norepi

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11
Q

effects of SAM

A

increases bp, hr, sweating, disrupts sleep

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12
Q

characteristics of HPA axis

A

releases cortisol

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13
Q

effects of HPA

A

conserves carbs, reduces inflammation

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14
Q

what can results from repeated activation of HPA

A

can comprimise its functioning and alter cortisol levels

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15
Q

how do chronic stress levels affect cortisol

A

increases in evening

exaggerated cortisol response or none at all

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16
Q

effects of excessive epi and norepi

A

suppression of immune system

increases bp and hr

heart defects

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17
Q

effects of excessive cortisol

A

destruction of neurons in hippocampus
belly fat
more significant health consequences

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18
Q

define stress reactivity

A

the degree of change that occurs physiologically in result of stress

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19
Q

define allostatic load

A

physiological costs of chronic exposure to fluctuating neural responses to multiple physiological systems resulting from chronic stress

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20
Q

what does build up of allostatic load cause

A

decreased cell-mediated immunitiy

inability to shut off cortisol

high waist to hip ratio

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21
Q

what makes events stressful

A 
negative events
uncontrollable events
ambiguous events
overload
predictable stress
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22
Q

which populations are able to adapt the least to stress

A

children, elderly and poor

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23
Q

what is the acute stress paradigm

A

studying stress in a lab and seeing the impact of stress on physiological and psychological responses

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24
Q

What did Holmes and Rahe do

A

developed a stressful life event inventory

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25
what does the stressful life event inventory do
can predict illness
26
what are some problems with the stressful life event inventory
items are vague events are prevalued usually includes positive and negative events does not asses if they have been removed
27
what are examples of life based stressors
catastrophes | daily hassles
28
examples of environmental stressors
noise crowding social interactions
29
what are examples of work stressors
role ambiguity shift work job loss
30
what are the different ways to interpret stress
distress- negative neustress- neutral eustress- positive
31
characteristics of eustress
positive challenge development and growth
32
characteristics of distress
``` negative danger barrier fight or flight physical and psychological symptoms ```
33
what is the stress process
environmental demand percepetion of demand stress response behavioral consequences
34
pros and cons of production of cortisol
prepare to fight immune system impairment
35
pros and cons of accelerated metabolism
energy to fight insomnia and exhaustion
36
pros and cons of endorphins
strength to fight body pain and headaches
37
pros and cons of reduced production of sex hormones
reduction of libido low sex drive
38
pros and cons of insulin production
more fuel weight gain
39
pros and cons of excessive heart activity
more blood in muscles heart attacks and stroke
40
pros and cons of anxious breathing
more o2 supply increased stress
41
pros and cons of excessive activation of of senses
more awareness oversensitive to pain
42
what is the transactional model of stress
2 step appraisal system of stress
43
what are some psychological factors affecting stress response
personal control explanatory style chronic negative emotions type A behavior
44
what is the direct effect hypothesis
immunosuppression to reduced body's defenses
45
what is the indirect effect hypothesis
maladaptive behaviors reduce immune functioning
46
coping style vs strategy
style- stable trait strategy- adaptable, changes with state
47
internal coping resources
optimism control self esteem sense of self
48
external coping resources
``` time money education decent job friends life events ```
49
what does social support lead to
quicker recovery from illness fewer complication during pregancy
50
when is social support not helpful
when not wanted when inadequate when too much can increase stress not the type thats needed
51
what is the stress management program
identify stressors, monitor stress, identify stress antecedents, avoid negative self talk, set new goals
52
ways to manage stress
stress management program, excessive writing, time management
53
ways excessive writing manages stress
disclosure useful for coping
54
ways time management manages stress
maximize available time | focus time on your priorities
55
examples of mind/body interventions
mindfulness imagery cognitive therapy slef talk
56
mindfulness based stress reduction
meditation
57
health benefits of meditation
``` decreased respiration hr and o2 use imporived mood spiritual calm heightened awareness ```
58
imagery
visualize pleasant image
59
ABC of self talk
Activating event belief about event consequences
60
3Ds model of self talk
direct disrupt dispute
61
body/mind interventions
``` biofeedback exercise stress management deep breathing preogressive muscle relaxation ```
62
what is biofeedback
measures physiological responses and teaches you how to control them
63
when are there benefits with exercise
60-80% of VO2 max
64
deep breathing
in- pause- out - pause
65
progressive muscle relaxation
teach body effects of tension to learn how to relax induce deep breathing
66
define coping
thoughts and behaviors used to manage demands of situations
67
two aspects of coping
dynamic process | breadth
68
how does negativity affect coping
express distress, discomfort and dissatisfaction across situations
69
list some coping resources
positive emotional states optimism psychological control self esteem
70
charactersitics of psychological control
belief that one can determine their behavior, influence on environment and bring out desired outcomes
71
coping styles
aproach vs avoidant problem vs emotional focused
72
problem focused
attempt to do something constructive
73
emotion focused
effort to regulate emotions
74
forms of social support
tangible informational emotional invisible
75
matching hypothesis
match between what they need and what they recieve gives most benefits

Health Psychology (4 decks)

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