Exam 4

Question 1

_______ caused by:
Increase 02
Decrease CO2
Decreased H+
Increased sympathetic activity
Increased angiostatin 2
Increased endothelium
Cold
Stretch

Answer 1

Vasoconstriction

Question 2

__________ caused by:
Decreased O2
Increased CO2
Increased H+
Increased nitric oxide
Decreased sympathetic activity
Histamine
Heart

Answer 2

Vasodialation

Question 3

Pulse pressure equation

Answer 3

SBP- DBP= PP

Question 4

Mean arterial pressure equation

Answer 4

DBP+ 1/3(PP)= MAP

Question 5

Cardiac output equation

Answer 5

HR x SV= CO

Question 6

Cardiac output when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 6

Increase

Question 7

Stroke volume when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 7

Increase

Question 8

Amount of blood in veins when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 8

Decrease

Question 9

Total peripheral distance when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 9

Decrease

Question 10

Mean artierial pressure when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 10

Increase

Question 11

Venous return when exercising
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 11

Increase

Question 12

Increased after load affect ejection fraction
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 12

Decrease

Question 13

Sympathetic stimulation to the ventricles affect ejection fraction
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 13

Increase

Question 14

How will administration of AcH to ventricle wall effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 14

No change

Question 15

How will administration of norepinephrine to venteicle wall effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 15

Increase

Question 16

How will vasoldialation of arteries effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 16

Increase

Question 17

How will increase in total peripheral resistance effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 17

Decrease

Question 18

How will increase in blood volume effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 18

Increase

Question 19

How will decrease in end diastolic volume effect cardiac output?
Increase/ decrease/ no change

Answer 19

Decrease

Question 20

Functions of cardiovascular system

Answer 20

Transport hormones
Transport cellular waste
Transport immune cells
Thermoregulation

Question 21

Receives blood from veins

Answer 21

Atria

Question 22

Pushes blood into arteries/ pulmonary and aortic valves

Answer 22

Ventricles

Question 23

Pulmonary circuit

Answer 23

Ride side of heart

Question 24

Systemic circuit

Answer 24

Left side of heart

Question 25

Heart muscle

Answer 25

Myocardium

Question 26

Anchoring junctions that prevent cells from being pulled apart

Answer 26

Desmosomes

Question 27

Connect feels chemically and electrically

Answer 27

Gap junctions

Question 28

Pacemaker

Answer 28

SA node

Question 29

Volume of blood pumped out of heart per beat

Answer 29

Stroke volume

Question 30

Amount of blood returned to heart from the body

Answer 30

Venous return

Question 31

The greater stretch the stronger the hearts contraction

Answer 31

Frank Starling Law

Question 32

Increase venous return/ pressure

Answer 32

Venoconstriction

Question 33

Decrease venous return/ pressure

Answer 33

Venodialation

Question 34

Vasoldialation on TPR

Answer 34

Decrease

Question 35

Vasoconstriction on TPR

Answer 35

Increase

Question 36

Phases of cardiac cycle

Answer 36

Ventricular filling Isovolumetric contraction Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric relaxation

Question 37

How do gases and liquids move

Answer 37

From high pressure to low pressurw

Question 38

Vessels that carry blood away from heart

Answer 38

Arteries

Question 39

Artery structure

Answer 39

Multi unit smooth muscle

Question 40

Controls BP and vascular resistance

Answer 40

Artery function

Question 41

Site of exchange, branch off Arterioles and collect into venules

Answer 41

Capillaries

Question 42

Vessels that carry blood toward heart

Answer 42

Veins

Question 43

Form from venules

Answer 43

Veins

Question 44

Types of capillaries

Answer 44

Continuous Fenestrated Discontinuous

Question 45

Movement of fluid into and out of capillaries

Answer 45

Bulk flow

Question 46

Capillary blood pressure Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure Interstitial fluid colloid pressuee Plasma colloid pressure

Answer 46

Pressure that drives bulk flow

Question 47

Fluid out of vessel

Answer 47

Filtration

Question 48

Fluid into vessel

Answer 48

Reabsorption

Question 49

Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Answer 49

Filtration

Question 50

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Answer 50

Reabsorption

Question 51

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 51

Reabsorption

Question 52

Where do leaked fluid go?

Answer 52

Lymphatic vessels -> lymph nodes-> into veins to become plasma

Question 53

What is blood

Answer 53

Plasma and formed element s

Question 54

Percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

Answer 54

Hemtocrit

Question 55

Blood percentage

Answer 55

55% plasma 45% hematocrit

Question 56

Plasma proteins

Answer 56

Albumins Globulins Fibrogen

Question 57

55-60% of all plasma proteins

Answer 57

Albumins

Question 58

Transports hormones, vitamins, enzymes

Answer 58

Albumins function

Question 59

35-39% of plasma proteins

Answer 59

Globulins

Question 60

Transport, clotting, inactive protiens, antibodies

Answer 60

Globulin function

Question 61

7% of proteins

Answer 61

Fibrinogen

Question 62

Clotting

Answer 62

Fibrinogen function

Question 63

Irregularly shaped cell fragments involved in stopping bleeding

Answer 63

Thrombocytes

Question 64

Leaukocytes

Answer 64

White blood cells, mobile immune system

Question 65

MHC markers on cell membrane of all cells

Answer 65

Self antigens

Question 66

For Hein compounds that trigger an immune response

Answer 66

Non self antigens

Question 67

3 granulocytes (WBC)

Answer 67

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Question 68

Most common WBC, acute infections

Answer 68

Neutrophils

Question 69

Ingest and kill pathogens

Answer 69

Neutrophil function

Question 70

Fight parasites and allergic reactions

Answer 70

Eosinophils

Question 71

Rarest WBC, involved in inflammation and innate immunity, have her spin and histamine

Answer 71

Basophil

Question 72

2 agranulocytes (WBC)

Answer 72

Monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 73

Largest WBC circulate in blood, enters infected tissue and difference rates into macrophages

Answer 73

Monocytes

Question 74

In lymph nodes, two immune responses: T and B cells

Answer 74

Lymphocytes

Question 75

Cellular mediated immunity, fight virus infected cells and tumor cells

Answer 75

T cells

Question 76

Antibody mediated immunity, produce antibodies for fighting bacterial infections

Answer 76

B cells

Question 77

Release histamine and initiate inflammation

Answer 77

Mast cells

Question 78

Process foreign antigens and present to lymphocytes

Answer 78

Dendritic cells

Question 79

Produces antibodies

Answer 79

Plasma cells

Question 80

Attack and destroy virus infected cells

Answer 80

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 81

Most numerous T cell, stimulate antibody formation, attract and retain neutrophils and monocytes to infected areas

Answer 81

Helper T cells

Question 82

Suppress excessive immune responses, secrete inhibitory cytokines to suppress T and B cells, help prevent autoimmune diseases and allergies

Answer 82

Regulatory T cells