Exam 4 Flashcards
(42 cards)
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is best defined as:
A long-lasting increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation.
Which stage of memory involves the temporary storage of information for only a few seconds in the absence of rehearsal?
Short-term memory (STM)
Damage to the cerebellum leads to severe impairments in forming new declarative memories.
False
Priming is best described as:
A change in processing a stimulus following previous exposure.
Cerebellum
Amygdala
Dorsomedial Thalamus
Mammillary Bodies
Hippocampus
- Critical for the timing and coordination of conditioned motor responses (e.g., the eye-blink reflex).
- Modulates memory strength through emotional arousal and fear conditioning.
- Part of the medial diencephalon that relays memory-related information and is often damaged in amnesic conditions.
- Works as a relay in the memory circuit; its damage contributes to severe memory deficits.
- Essential for forming and consolidating new declarative memories.
Semantic Memory
Procedural Memory
Nondeclarative Memory
Declarative Memory
Episodic Memory
- General knowledge about facts and concepts.
- Memory expressed through the performance of skills.
- Memory demonstrated through behavior without conscious recollection.
- Memory that can be consciously recalled and described.
- Memory for personal events and experiences.
Patient H.M. could improve on mirror tracing tasks even though he was unable to form new declarative memories.
True
Which type of amnesia is defined as the difficulty in forming new memories after the onset of a disorder?
Anterograde amnesia
Select all the brain regions that have been implicated in forming new declarative memories:
- Dorsomedial thalamus
- Entorhinal cortex
- Perirhinal cortex
- Mammillary bodies
- Parahippocampal cortex
- Hippocampus
Which brain structure is most critical for forming new declarative memories?
Hippocampus
What is memory?
The process of acquiring, storing, and retrieving information.
Which receptor is key for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus?
NMDA recpetor
Patient H.M. is best known for which memory impairment?
Inability to form new declarative memories
Which brain region is primarily involved in the classical conditioning of the eye-blink reflex?
Cerebellum
Which type of memory is demonstrated by skills such as mirror tracing or riding a bike?
Nondeclarative (procedural) memory
Which behavior exemplifies behavioral compensation for thermoregulation?
Moving toward a heat source when feeling cold.
Select all hormones that are involved in short-term gut regulation of appetite.
- GLP-1
- PYY3-36
- Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- Ghrelin
In homeostatic systems, what is a “set zone”?
A range around the set point within which the regulated variable is maintained.
Glucagon
Glycogen
Insulin
Basal metabolism
- A hormone that increases blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown.
- A stored form of glucose found primarily in the liver and muscles.
- A hormone that facilitates glucose uptake into cells and promotes energy storage.
- The minimal amount of energy expended to maintain essential physiological functions at rest.
How is osmosis best defined?
The passive movement of water across a semipermeable membrane to equalize solute concentrations.
What is homeostasis?
Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment through regulatory processes.
In response to a high-salt diet, the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic, which triggers osmotic thirst.
True
Osmotic thirst is initiated when:
The extracellular fluid becomes too concentrated with solutes, drawing water out of cells.
What role does insulin play in energy homeostasis?
It facilitates glucose uptake into cells and promotes the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen.
