Exam 4 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Phosphorus deficiency causes purplish discoloration of leaves and weak root development.
A
True
2
Q
The three main macronutrients in fertilizers are Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium.
A
True
3
Q
A soil test is not necessary when planning a fertilization schedule.
A
False
4
Q
Green manuring involves plowing under cover crops to enrich soil.
A
True
5
Q
Legumes such as clover and vetch fix nitrogen in the soil.
A
True
6
Q
Fertilization should always be applied in a single dose at the beginning of the season.
A
False
7
Q
A common issue with nitrogen deficiency is the yellowing of older leaves.
A
True
8
Q
Tomatoes require a higher potassium supply compared to nitrogen during fruiting.
A
True
9
Q
Crop rotation helps prevent soil depletion and reduces pests and diseases.
A
True
10
Q
Sandy soils typically require less frequent fertilizer applications than clay soils.
A
False
11
Q
A well-balanced crop rotation includes both nitrogen-fixing plants and heavy-feeding crops.
A
True
12
Q
Cover crops only provide benefits when grown as cash crops.
A
False
13
Q
Excessive nitrogen application late in the season can delay fruit maturity.
A
True
14
Q
A fertilization plan for tomatoes should not be adjusted based on soil test recommendations.
A
False
15
Q
A cover crop such as mustard can reduce soil pathogens.
A
True
16
Q
Crop rotation can reduce the need for excessive fertilizer application.
A
True
17
Q
Nitrogen is primarily responsible for root development in plants.
A
False
18
Q
Controlled-release fertilizers provide nutrients gradually over time.
A
True
19
Q
Manure is an example of an inorganic fertilizer.
A
False
20
Q
Fertilizer formulations like 10-20-20 indicate the percentage of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium, respectively.
A
True
21
Q
Plant breeding enhances resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses.
A
True
22
Q
The main risk of asexual reproduction is the inability to adapt to environmental changes.
A
True
23
Q
Sexual propagation by seed results in genetically identical offspring.
A
False
24
Q
In classical breeding, hybridization combines traits from two parent plants.
A
True
25
GMOs are created by directly modifying plant DNA.
True
26
Grapefruit is an example of hybridization.
True
27
Grafting is a technique that involves combining two different plant species to create a new individual plant.
True
28
Variegated plants are often chimeras.
True
29
Plant propagation can be defined as the process of reproducing plants.
True
30
Plant propagation only occurs through sexual reproduction.
False
31
Asexual reproduction in plants requires fertilization.
False
32
GMOs take longer to develop compared to classical breeding methods.
False
33
A major advantage of sexual propagation is the cost-effectiveness for large-scale production.
True
34
Grape breeding has led to the development of drought-tolerant varieties.
True
35
Classical breeding involves selecting and crossing plants with desirable traits.
True
36
Plants propagated asexually tend to be more resistant to diseases due to genetic uniformity.
False
37
Asexual reproduction is common in both flowering and non-flowering plants.
True
38
Asexual reproduction is commonly used in commercial agriculture to maintain desirable traits.
True
39
A major disadvantage of asexual reproduction is the lack of genetic diversity.
True
40
Citrus rootstocks have been bred for disease resistance.
True
41
Lettuce breeding can focus on improving heat tolerance.
True
42
Tissue culture requires a great deal of attention to sterilization protocols.
True
43
Tomatoes have been bred to improve disease resistance.
True
44
Sexual propagation by seed ensures genetic diversity and adaptability in plants, but also to inconsistent traits.
True
45
Cutting is a method of asexual reproduction where a piece of the plant is used to grow a new plant.
True
46
Chimeras can only exist in ornamental plants and have no agricultural importance.
True
47
Nucellar embryony is typical of citrus trees.
True
48
Layering is when a stem is bent and covered with soil to encourage root formation.
True
49
Asexual reproduction ensures faster propagation than sexual reproduction.
True
50
Chimeras always occur naturally and cannot be created artificially.
False
51
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
True
52
Mutation breeding involves using radiation or chemicals to create genetic changes.
True
53
Tissue culture allows for the mass production of genetically diverse plants.
False
54
Plant breeding plays a crucial role in developing high-yield, climate-resilient crops.
True
55
Division is a method where a plant is split into smaller sections, each capable of growing independently.
True
56
A chimera is a plant composed of two or more genetically distinct types of tissue.
True
57
Sexual propagation is essential for breeding new plant cultivars.
True
58
Suckering is a form of asexual reproduction where new shoots grow from the root system.
True
59
Plants that reproduce asexually can adapt faster to environmental changes than sexually reproducing plants.
False
60
Hybridization is a method used in classical breeding.
True
61
Pruning tools should be sanitized to prevent disease spread.
True
62
Modified atmosphere packaging is a method used to prolong fruit freshness.
True
63
Excessive pruning can lead to increased vegetative growth at the expense of fruit production.
True
64
Pruning and training systems vary based on plant species and growth habits.
True
65
Pruning has no impact on fruit quality.
False
66
Harvest timing does not affect consumer acceptance.
False
67
Climacteric fruits continue to ripen after harvest.
True
68
Summer pruning is done to encourage vegetative growth.
False
69
Over-pruning can weaken plants and reduce fruit yield.
True
70
Source-sink relations refer to the movement of water in the plant.
False
71
Mechanical damage during handling has no impact on postharvest quality.
False
72
Photosynthesis plays a role in source-sink relations by supplying energy.
True
73
The central leader system promotes strong vertical growth in trees.
True
74
Rejuvenation pruning is used to restore old or declining plants.
True
75
Late harvesting generally results in firmer fruits.
False
76
Open-center training systems are commonly used for apple trees.
False
77
The central leader system is commonly used in grapevine training.
False
78
Training systems help guide plant growth for better light exposure and airflow.
True
79
Dormant pruning is typically performed during winter.
True
80
Non-climacteric fruits should generally be harvested at full ripeness.
True
81
Thinning cuts encourage lateral branch growth.
False
82
Bananas and tomatoes are examples of climacteric fruits.
True
83
Heading cuts remove an entire branch from its base.
True
84
Leaves serve as the primary source in source-sink relations.
True
85
Non-climacteric fruits rely on ethylene for ripening after harvest.
False
86
Fruit trees do not require pruning after they reach maturity.
False
87
A high Brix value in fruit indicates high sugar content.
True
88
All crops should be harvested at the same maturity stage for optimal quality.
False
89
Pruning should always be done in early spring.
False
90
In source-sink relations, the sink is always located at the roots.
False
91
Pruning helps improve plant structure, health, and productivity.
True
92
Chemical pruning involves the use of chemicals to control plant growth.
True
93
Proper pruning improves light penetration in the canopy.
True
94
Removing excess fruit can improve the size and quality of the remaining fruits.
True
95
All fruits should be stored at the same temperature postharvest.
False
96
Proper harvesting techniques help minimize mechanical damage to produce.
True
97
Late pruning can delay fruit ripening.
True
98
Trellis systems are used primarily for growing grapes.
True
99
The primary role of postharvest storage is to extend shelf life.
True
100
Sugar content (Brix) is an important indicator of fruit quality.
True
101
Weeds compete with horticultural crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight.
True
102
Biological control involves using natural enemies to reduce pest populations.
True
103
Chemical pesticides are always the best option for controlling pests.
False
104
IPM strategies aim to completely eliminate all pests.
True
105
Sticky traps are useful for monitoring flying insect populations.
True
106
Aphids are common insect pests that damage horticultural crops by sucking plant sap.
True
107
Greenhouses provide a controlled environment that completely eliminates pest problems.
False
108
IPM encourages the use of multiple pest control strategies rather than relying solely on pesticides.
True
109
Fertilization has no effect on pest resistance in plants.
True
110
Beneficial insects help control pest populations naturally.
True
111
Overuse of pesticides can lead to environmental contamination.
True
112
Biological control involves the use of natural predators like ladybugs and parasitic wasps.
True
113
Predatory mites are used to control spider mite infestations.
True
114
Insect hormones (pheromones) can be used in traps to attract and monitor pest populations.
True
115
Monitoring pest populations is a crucial component of an IPM strategy.
True
116
All insects found in horticultural crops are harmful pests.
False
117
Crop rotation can help reduce pest populations in horticultural fields.
True
118
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) only relies on chemical pesticides.
False
119
Pathogens that affect plants can only be fungal in origin.
False
120
Rodents can be considered pests in horticultural production systems.
True
