Exam 4 Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
aneurysm
A
balloon-like swelling of wall of artery, vein, or heart; generally result of congenital defect in wall or degenerative disease or infection (ex: atherosclerosis or syphilis); dissecting aneurysm is longitudinal splitting of arterial wall from hemorrhage
2
Q
anorexia
A
loss of appetite
3
Q
ascites
A
abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid
4
Q
ballottement
A
palpation technique used in detecting or examining a floating object in body
5
Q
borborygmi
A
gurgling, splashing sound heard over large intestine; caused by passage of flatus through intestine
6
Q
cholecystitis
A
inflammation of gallbladder
7
Q
cholelithiasis
A
stone formation in gallbladder
8
Q
cirrhosis
A
chronic disease of liver characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules
9
Q
colic
A
spasm in any hollow tubular soft organ accompanied by pain
10
Q
costipation
A
difficult defecation; infrequent defecation with passage of unduly hard dry fecal material; sluggish action of bowels. often defined as less than 3 bowel movements per week
11
Q
diarrhea
A
frequent liquid or loose stools lasting less than 4 weeks in duration
12
Q
dyschezia
A
painful or difficult bowel movement
13
Q
dyspepsia
A
imperfect digestion. not a disease in itself but symptomatic of other diseases or disorders. characterized by vague abdominal discomfort, a sense of fullness after eating, eructation, heartburn, nausea and vomiting, and loss of appetite
14
Q
dysphagia
A
difficulty swallowing
15
Q
fistula
A
abnormal tube like passage from normal cavity or tube to free surface or to another cavity. may be congenital due to incomplete closure of parts or may result from abscesses, injuries, or inflammatory processes
16
Q
gastroesophageal reflux
A
burning gnawing pain in mid-epigastrium worsens with recumbency
17
Q
hematemesis
A
vomiting of blood
18
Q
hematochezia
A
passage of stool containing blood
19
Q
hepatitis
A
inflammation of liver resulting on diffuse or patchy infiltrates
20
Q
hernia
A
protrusion of organ or tissue through an opening in muscle wall
21
Q
hydronephrosis
A
dilation of renal pelvis and calces due to obstruction
22
Q
icterus
A
pigmentation of tissues, membranes, and secretions of eye with bile pigment
23
Q
intussusception
A
prolapse or telescoping of one segment of intestine into another, causing intestinal obstruction
24
Q
irritable bowel syndrome
A
disorder of intestinal motility
25
jaundice
condition characterized by yellowness of skin, mucous membranes, and body fluids due to deposition of bile pigment resulting from excess bilirubin in blood
26
Kehr sign
abdominal pain radiating to left shoulder, due to peritoneal irritation from blood or other irritants
27
melena
evacuations resembling tar, due to action of intestinal juices on free blood
28
mesentery
fan-shaped fold of peritoneum that holds small intestine to abdominal wall
29
peristalsis
wavelike motion by which alimentary tract propels its content
30
pyelonephritis
infection of kidney
31
pyloric senosis
narrowing of pyloric orifice. may be due to excessive thickening of circular muscle of pylorus or hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mucosa and submucosa
32
pylorus
distal section of stomach
33
resonance
percussion sound obtained when body part can vibrate freely
34
reflux
return or backward flow
35
striae
streaks or lines (with silvery white or purple hue); skin striae result from weakening of elastic tissue associated with pregnancy, weight gain, raid growth periods, and high levels of corticosteroids
36
tympany
low pitched, resonant, drumlike sound heard while percussing surface of large, air containing body space
37
volvulus
twisting of intestine resulting in obstruction
38
amenorrhea
absence or suppression of menstruation
39
Bartholin glands
located posteriorly on each side of vaginal orifice with openings on sides of vestibule between labia minora and hymen
40
Chadwick sign
bluish discoloration of cervix that normally occurs with pregnancy at 6-8 wks duration
41
climacteric
term that describes period that marks cessation of woman's reproductive period (female climacteric or menopause); corresponding period of lessening of sexual activity in male (male climacteric)
42
clitoris
small bud of erectile tissue (homolog of penis) and primary center of sexual excitement
43
cystitis
inflammation of urinary bladder usually occurring secondary to ascending infections and involve associated organs (kidney, prostate, urethra)
44
cystocele
bladder hernia, injury to vesicovaginal fascia during delivery may allow bladder to pouch into vagina causing cystocele
45
dilation
involves opening of cervical canal to allow passage of fetus. process is measured in centimeters and progresses from closed os (internal) to 10 cm (full dilation)
46
dysmenorrhea
painful or difficult menstruation, either primary or secondary
47
dyspareunia
painful sexual intercourse
48
effacement
refers to thinning of cervix that results when myometrial activity pulls cervix upwards, allowing cervix to become part of lower uterine segment during prelabor and early labor
49
endometriosis
presence of endometrial tissue outside of uterus
50
hematuria
blood in urine
51
Hegar sign
softening of cervix that occurs in pregnancy at 6-8 wks gestation
52
hydrocolpos
distention of vagina due to accumulation of fluid caused by congenital obstruction
53
hymen
circular, crescentic, or fimbriated connective tissue membrane
54
menarche
first menstruation and initiation of cyclic menstrual function
55
menorrhagia
excessive bleeding during menstrual period that is longer in duration than normal
56
menometrorrhagia
irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation and between menstrual periods
57
metrorrhagia
menstrual bleeding at irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged, but of expected amount
58
mittelschmerz
lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation
59
myomas
benign uterine tumors arising from overgrowth of smooth muscle and connective tissue of uterus
60
oligomenorrhea
infrequent menstruation
61
oliguria
diminished amount of urine formation or scanty urine production (frequently defined as less than 500 mL in 24 hrs); results in inefficient excretion of products of metabolism
62
polyuria
excessive excretion and discharge of urine. urine does not, as a rule, contain abnormal constituents. several hundred ounces a day may be voided. pale in color
63
pyuria
pus in urine: evidence of renal disease
64
rectocele
protrusion or herniation of posterior vaginal wall with anterior wall of rectum through vagina
65
salpingitis
infection or inflammation of fallopian tubes
66
skene ducts
ducts that drain a group of urethral glands located on each side of urethra opening into vestibule
67
station
relationship of presenting part of ischial spines of mother's pelvis. measurement is determined by centimeters above and below ischial spines and is recorded by plus and minus signs
68
urinary incontinence
inability to retain urine
69
stress
leakage of urine due to increased intraabdominal pressure that can occur from coughing, laughing, exercise, or lifting heavy things
70
urge
inability to hold urine once urge to void occurs. causes of this abnormality can be local genitourinary conditions, such as infection or tumor; or CNS disorders such as stroke
71
overflow
mechanical dysfunction resulting from an over distended bladder. this type has many causes; anatomic obstruction by prostatic hypertrophy and strictures; neurologic abnormalities that impair detrusor contractility, such as multiple sclerosis; spinal lesions
72
uterine prolapse
uterus herniation into or beyond vagina caused by weakening in supporting structures
73
vaginitis
inflammation of vagina
74
vulvovaginitis
inflammation of vulvar and vaginal tissues
75
balanitis
inflammation of glans penis and prepuce
76
chordee
ventral shortening and curvature of penis
77
circumcision
surgical removal of prepuce
78
cremasteric
reflex that causes scrotum and testicle to rise when inner thigh is stroked
79
epididymitis
inflammation of epididymis
80
escutcheon
pattern of hair growth on pubis and abdomen
81
glans
distal portion of penis produced by corpus spongiosum
82
hydrocele
accumulation of serous fluid in saclike cavity, especially in tunica vaginalis testis; serous tumors of testes or associated parts
83
hypospadias
congenital defect resulting in urethral meatus being located on ventral surface of glans penile shaft of base of penis
84
impotence
inability of male to achieve and/or maintain penile erection
85
orchitis
acute inflammation of testis due to infection
86
phimosis
inability to replace foreskin to its usual position
87
priapism
prolonged penile erection
88
testicular torsion
twisting of testis on spermatic cord
89
urethritis
inflammation of urethra
90
varicocele
"bag of worms". abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins of pampiniform plexus within spermatic cord. associated with reduced fertility, probably from increased venous pressure and elevated testicular temperature
91
acrocyanosis
bluish discoloration of hands and feet; may be present at birth and may persist for several days or longer if newborn is kept in cool ambient temperatures
92
alopecia
hair loss
93
alopecia areata
patchy, non-scarring, asymmetric hair loss occurring in sharply defined areas of scalp or beard
94
annular
shaped like a ring; used to describe lesion that forms ring around clear center of normal skin
95
atrophy
thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like
96
bulla
vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter
97
cellulitis
diffuse, acute infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue
98
chloasma
facial discoloration common during pregnancy; also called mask of pregnancy
99
confluent
referring to lesions that run together
100
crust
dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates; slightly elevated; size varies; brown, red, black, tan, or straw-colored
101
cutis marmorata
marbled or mottled appearance of skin of newborn when exposed o decreased temperatures; occurs because newborn's immature vascular system is unable to adapt to temperature changes
102
cyst
elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semi-solid material
103
dermatomal
referring to lesion that follows a nerve or segment of body
104
ecchymosis
contusion or bruise
105
eczematous dermatitis
common inflammatory skin disorder presenting with pruritic papulovesicular lesions
106
erosion
loss of part of epidermis; depressed, moist, glistening; follows rupture of vesicle or bulla
107
erythema toxicum
common transient benign condition seen in newborns during first week consisting of generalized small papules or pustules
108
excoriation
loss of epidermis; linear hollowed-out, crusted area
109
fissure
linear crack or break from epidermis to dermis; may be moist or dry
110
folliculitis
inflammation and infection of hair follicle and surrounding dermis
111
furuncle
deep-seated infection of pilosebacceous unit
112
harlequin color change
skin coloration that occurs in some newborns in response to changes in position
113
keloid
irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond boundaries of wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing
114
lanugo
fine, silky hair of newborn's skin
115
lichenification
rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; often involves flexor surface of extremity
116
macule
flat, circumscribed area that is change in color of skin; less than 1 cm in diameter
117
mongolian spots
areas of deep bluish-gray pigmentation most commonly on sacral aspect of newborn
118
morbilliform
maculopapular lesions that becomes confluent on face and body
119
nevus
mole that varies in size and color
120
nodule
elevated, firm, circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than papule; 1-2 cm in diameter
121
papule
elevated, firm, circumscribed area; less than 1 cm in diameter
122
patch
flat, nonpalpable, irregular shaped macule greater than 1 cm in diameter
123
petechiae
tiny, flat purple or red spots on skin surface, resulting from minute hemorrhages within the dermal layer
124
pityriasis rosea
common self-limiting exanthematous rash whose onset is marked by "herald patch"
125
plaque
elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
126
psoriasis
chronic recurrent disease of keratin synthesis
127
pustule
elevated, superficial lesions; similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid
128
salmon patches (stork bites)
flat, deep pink localized areas usually seen on mid-forehead, eyelids, upper lip, and back of newborn
129
scale
heaped-up, keratinized cells; flaky skin; irregular; thick or thin; dry or oily; variation in size
130
sebum
lipid substance that keeps skin and hair from drying out
131
stellate
refers to star-shaped lesion
132
telangiectasia
fine, irregular, red lines produced by capillary dilation
133
tinea
group of noncandidal fungal infections
134
tumor
elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter
135
vellus hair
short fine non-pigmented hair
136
vernix caseosa
mixture of sebum and cornifed epidermis that covers infant's body at birth
137
vesicle
elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid; less than 1 cm in diameter
138
wheal
elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient, variable diameter
139
ulcer
loss of epidermis and dermis; concave, varies in size
140
culture
reflection of whole human behavior including ideas and attitudes
141
cultural awareness
self-examination of biases, stereotypes, prejudices, and assumptions about cultures different from your own
142
cultural humility
recognition of you limitations in knowledge and cultural perspectives
143
race
physical characteristic not based on culture
144
stereotype
generalization regarding particular group
145
abduction
movement of limbs toward lateral plane or away from axial line of limb
146
adduction
movement of limbs toward medial plane of body or toward axial line of limb
147
bursitis
inflammation of bursa due to repetitive movement or pressure
148
claw toe
hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal joint with flexion of toe's proximal and distal joints
149
clubfoot
fixed congenital defect of ankle and foot
150
dislocation
complete separation of contact between 2 bones in joint
151
eversion
outward turning, movement of sole of foot outward at ankle
152
hallux valgus
lateral deviation of great toe and overlapping of second toe
153
inversion
inward turning, movement of sole of foot inward at ankle
154
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
avascular necrosis of femoral head
155
mallet toe
flexion deformity of distal interphalangeal joint of foot
156
metatarsus adductus
most common deformity of foot, marked by middle bones of foot pointing in toward body
157
Osgood-Schlatter disease
common overuse injury of adolescents, which causes painful swelling of knee due to apophyseal traction of anterior aspect of tibial tubercle
158
pes cavus
high arch on sole of foot
159
pes planus (flat foot)
collapsed arch of foot
