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Clinical Med Vocab > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

(115 cards)

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1
Q

aneurysm

A

balloon-like swelling of wall of artery, vein, or heart; generally result of congenital defect in wall or degenerative disease or infection (ex: atherosclerosis or syphilis); dissecting aneurysm is longitudinal splitting of arterial wall from hemorrhage

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2
Q

ascites

A

abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of serous fluid

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3
Q

atherosclerosis

A

most common form of arteriosclerosis, deposits in walls of arteries

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4
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

flexion of hips when neck is flexed from a supine position. occurs in patients with meningeal inflammation

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5
Q

Bruit

A

unexplained audible swishing sound or murmur over an artery or vascular organ

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6
Q

cellulitis

A

inflammation of soft or connective tissue that causes watery exudate to spread through tissue spaces

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7
Q

claudication

A

condition resulting from muscle ischemia due to decreased arterial blood flow to an area, characterized by intermittent pain and limping

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8
Q

edema

A

excessive accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities of body

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9
Q

fluctuant

A

wavelike motion felt when palpating a node

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10
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

sign of meningeal irritation evidenced by reflex contraction and pain in hamstring muscles, when attempting to extend leg after flexing hip

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11
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

enlargement of lymph nodes, typically to greater than 1.5 cm. increased size is caused by activation and proliferation of lymphocytes and phagocytic white blood cells within the node or by invasion of node by tumor

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12
Q

lymphangitis

A

inflammation of lymphatics that drain area of infection which is often associated with tender erythematous streaks extending proximally from infected area

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13
Q

lymphangioma

A

congenital malformation of dilated lymphatics

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14
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling, particularly of subcutaneous tissues, caused by obstruction of lymphatic system and accumulation of interstitial fluid

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15
Q

matted

A

used to describe group of nodes that feel connected and appear to move as single unit

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16
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of membranes of spinal cord or brain, usually but not always caused by infections

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17
Q

nuchal rigidity

A

resistance to flexion of neck, seen in individuals with meningitis

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18
Q

pitting

A

form of edema which appears as indentation or depression that will not rapidly return to its original apprearance

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19
Q

shotty nodes

A

small nontender nodes that feel like BBs or bucket shot under skin

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20
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of wall of vein associated with thrombus formation

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21
Q

thrombosis

A

formation or presence of blood clot within blood vessel or within on of cavities of heart

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22
Q

varicose vein

A

enlarged, dilated superficial vein. condition may occur in almost any part of body but is not common in lower extremities and esophagus

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23
Q

bruit

A

harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory sound, especially an abnormal one

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24
Q

claudication

A

pain resulting from muscle ischemia presenting with dull ache, muscle fatigue and cramps

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25
edema
accumulation of excessive amount of watery fluid in cells, tissues, or serous cavities
26
embolism
obstruction or occlusion of vessel by embolus
27
Homan's sign
pain or passive dorsiflexion of foot which may be indicative of thrombosis in lower extremity
28
hum
nonpathologic venous phenomenon commonly found in children
29
hypertension
persisting high arterial blood pressure; generally established guidelines are values exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or exceeding 90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressures
30
hypotension
abnormally low arterial blood pressure; generally established guidelines are values less than 90 mm Hg systolic
31
orthopnea
discomfort in breathing that is brought on or aggravated by lying flat
32
peripheral arterial disease
stenosis of blood supply to extremities by atherosclerotic plaques
33
phlebitis
inflammation of vein
34
preeclampsia
specific pregnancy syndrome associated with hypertension occurring after 20th week of pregnancy and presence of proteinuria
35
Raynaud phenomenon
vascular disorder resulting in exaggerated spasms of arterioles in response to cold
36
Regurgitation
backflow of blood due to incompetent valves
37
syncope
loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished cerebral flow
38
temporal arteritis
inflammatory disease of aortic arch
39
thrombophlebitis
venous inflammation with thrombus formation
40
thrombus
clot in cardiovascular system formed during life from constituents of blood; may be occlusive or attached to vessels or heart wall without obstructing lumen (mural thrombus)
41
varicose veins
dilated and swollen veins with decreased blood flow and increased pressure resulting in incompetence of vessel, valves, or obstruction in proximal vein
42
venous thrombosis
blood clot that forms within vein
43
abduction
movement of limbs toward lateral plane or away from axial line of limb
44
adduction
movement of limbs toward medial plane of body or toward axial line of limb
45
ankylosing spondylitis
hereditary chronic inflammatory disease, initially affecting lumbar spin and sacroiliac joints
46
arthritis
inflammation of joint, usually accompanied by pain and, frequently changes in structure
47
arthropathy
any disease affecting joint
48
arthrosis
joint affection caused by trophic degeneration
49
buritis
inflammation of bursa, especially those located between bony prominences and muscle or tendon
50
carpal tunnel syndrome
pressure on median nerve at point at which goes through carpel tunnel of wrist
51
crepitus
crinkly crackling, grating feeling or sound in joints, skin, or lungs; quality of sound is simulated by Rice Krispies in milk; quality of touch is somewhat simulated by rubbing hair between fingers
52
Dupuytren's contracture
contracture of palmer fascia causing ring and little fingers to bend into palm so that they cannot be extended
53
eversion
turning outward
54
fibromyalgia
painful nonarticular condition that leads to diffuse musculoskeletal discomfort
55
gibbus
sharp, angular deformity associated with collapsed vertebra due to osteoporosis
56
goniometer
apparatus to measure joint movement and angles
57
inversion
turning inward
58
kyphosis
increased convex curvature of thoracic spine
59
lordosis
increased concave curvature of lumbar spine
60
osteoarthritis
deterioration of articular cartilage covering bone ends in synovial joints
61
osteomyelitis
infection of bone
62
osteoporosis
decrease in bone mass that occurs due to bone resorption that is more rapid than bone deposition
63
polydactyly
condition of either hand or foot which results in more than five digits
64
pronation
act of turning hand so palm faces downward or backward
65
radial head subluxation (nursemaid's elbow)
dislocation injury of elbow
66
scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine, depending on etiology, there may be one curve, or primary and secondary compensatory curves; scoliosis may be "fixed" as result of muscle and/or bone deformity or "mobile" as result of unequal muscle contraction
67
simian
single crease extending across palm which is associated with Down syndrome
68
supination
act of turning of hand so palm faces upward
69
syndactyly
congenital condition that results in fusion of digits of hand or foot
70
tendonitis
inflammation of tendon
71
tenosynovitis
inflammation of sheath of tendon or tendon
72
affect
person's external expression of his/her inner emotional state
73
afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil)
continued pupillary dilation instead of constriction in eye with pre-chiasmic optic pathway lesion in response to shining light in damaged eye after first shining it in normal eye
74
agraphia
loss of ability to express oneself in writing due to central lesion, or to muscular incoordination
75
akathisia (acathisia)
inability to sit down because thought of doing so causes severe anxiety. Patient has feeling of restlessness and urgent need of movement and complains of feeling muscular quivering
76
akinesia
complete or partial loss of muscle movement
77
antalgic
refers to behavior used to limit pain
78
aphasia
inability to express oneself properly through speech, or loss of verbal comprehension. considered to be complete or total when both sensory and motor areas are involved
79
ataxia
impaired ability to coordinate muscular movement usually associated with staggering gait and postural imbalance
80
athetosis
slow, twisting, writhing movements, with larger amplitude than chorea, commonly involving hands
81
bell palsy
acute paralysis or weakness of one side of face that is temporary
82
cerebral palsy
general name for large group of persisting, non-progressive motor disorders appearing in young children and resulting from brain damage caused by birth trauma or intrauterine pathology
83
chorea
dance-like, involuntary, rapid movements. can be associated with Huntington disease, rheumatic fever, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other conditions
84
clonus
rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles
85
dementia
irrecoverable deteriorative mental state, common end result of many entities. loss of memory and other intellectual functions that is of sufficient severity to interfere with daily functioning
86
diplopia
double vision caused by defective function of extraocular muscles or disorder of nerves that innervate muscles
87
dysarthria
defective articulation secondary to motor deficit involving lips, tongue, palate, or pharynx (inability to pronounce or articulate words)
88
dysdiadochokinesia
inability to quickly substitute antagonistic motor impulses to produce antagonistic muscular movements. inability to perform rapid alternating movements (pronation/supination of hands), indicates cerebellar dysfunction
89
dysethesia
sensations, as of pricks of pins and needles, or crawling
90
dyskinesia
defect in voluntary movement. term usually used in relation to various extrapyramidal disorders
91
dysphasia
impairment of speech resulting from brain lesion
92
dysphonia
difficulty in speaking; hoarseness. often related to weakness of laryngeal muscles, in which sound production is impaired
93
dystonia
impaired or disordered tonicity, especially muscle tone (involuntary muscle spasms)
94
encephalitis
acute inflammation of brain and spinal cord
95
fasciculations
localized, uncoordinated twitching of single muscle group innervated by single motor nerve filament; visible or palpable (involuntary)
96
fluent aphasia (Wernicke's or receptive aphasia)
fluent, effortless speech; words are malformed, may be totally incomprehensible. can hear words but cannot relate them to previous experiences. impairment of language comprehension including impaired retention due to lesion of posterior left superior temporal gyrus
97
graphesthesia
ability to recognize symbols, shapes, numbers, and letters traced on skin
98
hemianopia
blindness for half of field of vision in one or both eyes (indicating pathological process posterior to optic chiasm)
99
hemiballismus
jerking and twitching movements of one side of body (involuntary violent flinging or jerking of limb or limbs in an uncoordinated manner caused by lesion of contralateral subthalamus)
100
meningitis
inflammation of meninges
101
multiple sclerosis
progressive autoimmune disorder which causes degeneration of myelin sheath of brain's white matter
102
myelitis
inflammation of spinal cord or of bone marrow
103
myelomeningocele (spina bifida)
congenital defect of spine that allows spinal contents to protrude
104
myelopathy
any pathological condition of spinal cord
105
myoclonus
twitching or clonic spasm of muscle or group of muscle
106
myopathy
any disease or abnormal condition of striated muscle (weakness that is usually proximal>distal)
107
non-fluent aphasia (Broca's or expressive aphasia)
cannot express oneself using language; few words; laborious efforts; primarily uses nouns and verbs. fair to good word comprehension (due to lesion of left inferior frontal lobe)
108
nuchal rigidity
stiff neck
109
paralysis
temporary suspension or permanent loss of function (especially loss of sensation or voluntary motion)
110
paresis
partial or incomplete paralysis
111
paresthesia
unusual sensation such as numbness, tingling, or burning
112
peripheral neuropathy
condition commonly seen in diabetes of peripheral nervous system resulting in decrease in both motor and sensory function
113
stereognosis
ability to recognize form of solid objects by touch
114
stroke (cerebrovascular accident-CVA)
sudden disruption of blood flow to brain
115
tremor
involuntary movement of part or parts of body resulting from alternate contractions of opposite muscles. trembling may be fine or coarse, rapid or slow, may appear on movement (intention tremor) or improve when part is employed

Clinical Med Vocab (5 decks)

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