Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psych 001 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

(88 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The characteristics thoughts, emotional responses, and behaviors that are relatively stable in an individual over time and across circumstances

A

Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A characteristic; a dis-positional tendency to act in a certain way over time and across circumstances

A

Personality Trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Freudian theory that unconscious forces determine behavior

A

Psychodynamic Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that is completely submerged in the unconscious and operates according to the pleasure principle

A

Id

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In psychodynamic theory, the internalization of societal and parental standards of conduct

A

Superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In psychodynamic theory, the component of personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the id while being responsive to the dictates of the superego

A

Ego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Unconscious mental strategies that the mind uses to protect itself from distress

A

Defense Mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

According to Freud, developmental stages that correspond to distinct libidinal urges, progression through these stages profoundly affects personality

A

Psychosexual Stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Approaches to studying personality that emphasize how people seek to fulfill their potential through greater self-understanding

A

Humanistic approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lasts from birth to about 18 months, pleasure comes from comes from sucking

A

Oral Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2-3 years old, learning to control the bowels leads them to focus on the anus

A

Anal Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ages 3-5, they direct their libidinal energies towards the genitals

A

Phallic Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

During this time, children suppress libidinal urges

A

Latency Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adolescents and adults attain mature attitudes about sexuality and adulthood

A

Genital Stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to this theory, a person’s mind and sense of self of self development in relation to others in the particular environment. “Objects” are real others in the world, and how the person relates to these others shapes the person’s personality

A

Object relation theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

to understand personality and human relationships through people’s subjective understandings of their lives

A

Person-centered approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Discrete categories of people based on personality characteristics

A

Personality Types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Our personalities often fail to predict our behavior across different circumstances, based on situation

A

Cognitive-affective personality system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Expect to fail and enter test situations with dread

A

Defensive Pessimism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An approach to studying personality that focuses on how individuals differ in personality dispositions

A

Trait Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The idea that personality can be described using five factors; openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

A

Five-Factor Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Person-centered approaches to studying personality; they focus on individual lives and how various characteristics are integrated into unique persons

A

Idiographic approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Approaches to studying personality that focus on how common characteristics vary from person to person

A

Nomothetic approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Personality tests that examine unconscious processes by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli

A

Projective Measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Relatively direct assessments of personality, usually based on information gathered through self-report questionnaires or observer ratings
Objective Measures
26
The theory that behavior is determined more by situations than by personality traits
Situationism
27
Theorists who believe that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying dispositions
Interactionists
28
Biologically based tendencies to feel or act in certain ways
Temperments
29
The brain system involved in the pursuit of incentives or rewards
Behavioral approach system (BAS)
30
The brain system that is sensitive to punishment and therefore inhibits behavior that might lead to danger or pain
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
31
Sickness or disorder of the mind
Psychopathology
32
Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder
Etiology
33
The system used i the DSM; it calls for assessment along five axes that describe important mental health factors
Multiaxial System
34
In psychology, examination of a person's mental state to diagnose possible psychological disorders
Assessment
35
A diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event
Diathesis-stress model
36
A diagnostic model that considers symptoms within an individual as indicating problems within the family
Family Systems Model
37
A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures
Sociocultural model
38
A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs
Cognitive-behavioral approach
39
Characterized by negative emotions, and they can be grouped into categories that reflect the emotions of distress and fear
Internalizing disorders
40
Characterized by disinhibition. ex) alcoholism, conduct disorders, and antisocial behaviors
Externalizing disorders
41
A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event
Generalized anxiety disorder
42
A mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma
Posttraumatic stress disorder
43
An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror
Panic Disorder
44
An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible
Agoraphobia
45
An anxiety disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions
OCD
46
A disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities
Major Depression
47
A form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depression
Dysthymia
48
A mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania
Bipolar Disorder
49
A cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives
Learned Helplessness
50
Mental disorders that involve disruptions of identity, of memory, or of conscious awareness
Dissociative Disorders
51
The occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
52
A psychological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion; it involves alterations in thoughts, in perceptions, or in consciousness
Schizophrenia
53
Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement
Negative Symptoms
54
False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality
Delusions
55
False sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source
Hallucinations
56
Believing themselves as much more powerful than they really were
Illusions of Granduer
57
A speech pattern among some people with schizophrenia in which their thoughts are disorganized or meaningless
Disorganized Behavior
58
Mindlessly repeat words that they hear, happens to people with catatonic schizophrenia
echolalia
59
A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control
borderline personality disorder
60
A personality disorder marked by a lack of empathy or remorse
Antisocial personality disorder
61
A disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity
ADHD
62
The generic name given to a formal psychological treatment
Psychotherapy
63
Treatment based on medical approaches to illness and disease
Biological therapies
64
The goal of psychoanalysis; a patient' awareness of his or her own unconscious psychological processes and how these processes affect daily functioning
Insight
65
An empathic approach to therapy; it encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self-understanding
Client-centered therapy
66
Treatment based on the premise that behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning
Behavior therapy
67
Treatment based on the idea that distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions; treatment strategies attempt to modify these thought patterns
Cognitive therapy
68
A therapy that strives to help patients recognize maladaptive thought patterns and replace them with ways of viewing the world that are more in tune with reality
Cognitive restructuring
69
In which the the therapist repeats the the client's concerns to help the person clarify his or her feelings
Reflective listening
70
Uses a client-centered approach over a very short period (such as 1 or 2 short interviews)
Motivational interviewing
71
In which the therapist acts out an appropriate behavior
Modeling
72
Through this approach, a therapist acts as a teacher, explaining the client's errors in thinking an demonstrating more adaptive ways to think and behave
Rational-emotive therapy
73
Focuses on circumstances-namely relationships the client attempts to avoid. This approach integrates cognitive therapy with psychodynamic insight therapy
Interpersonal therapy
74
The principle behind this method is that people who recover from depression continue to be vulnerable to faulty thinking when they experience negative moods
Mnidfulness-based cognitive therapy
75
A therapy that incorporates techniques from from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy
Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT)
76
A cognitive-behavioral therapy technique that involves repeated exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus or situation
Exposure
77
A gradual form of exposure therapy
Systematic desensitization
78
A pattern of negative actions by a client's family members; the pattern includes critical comments, hostility directed toward the client by family members, and emotional overinvolvement
Expressed Emotion
79
Drugs that affect mental processes
Psychotropic Medications
80
A class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of anxiety
Anti-anxiety drugs
81
A class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of depression
Antidepressants
82
A class of psychotropic medications used for the treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders that involve psychosis
Antispychotics
83
A procedure that involves administering a strong electrical current to the patient's brain to produce a seizure; it is effective for some cases of severe depression
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
84
Treatments for OCD include:
the drug clomipramine, exposure and response prevention
85
Episodes of depression are most likely to occur during winter
Seasonal Affective Disorder
86
Involves exposure to a high-intensity light source for part of each day
Phototherapy
87
A form of therapy used to treat borderline personality disorder
Dialectical behavior therapy
88
An intensive treatment for autism, based on operant conditioning
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)

Psych 001 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions