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psy 101 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

characteristics of stress categories

A

physical, behavioral, emotional

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2
Q

stressors

A

circumstances that threaten our well-being External or internal (self-imposed)

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3
Q

phyisiological responses from stress

A

increased heart rate, sweaty, tense, body on edge

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4
Q

HPA axis

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal gland (results in release of stress hormones that boost physiological arousal level)

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5
Q

adaptive coping strategy

A

coping strategy that helps you and doesn’t harm you, beneficial in the long run for mental and physical health.

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6
Q

maladaptive coping strategy

A

coping strategy that doesn’t helps you and does harm you, not beneficial in the long run for mental and physical health.

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7
Q

coping strategy that helps you and doesn’t harm you, beneficial in the long run for mental and physical health.

A

adaptive coping strategy

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8
Q

coping strategy that doesnt helps you and does harm you, not beneficial in the long run for mental and physical health.

A

maladaptive coping strategy

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9
Q

learned helplessness

A

feeling like you can’t escape the negative situation so feeling helpless and like you can’t do anything. if adaptive coping strategie don’t work you can turn to this

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10
Q

stress level in relation to performance

A

stress level optimizes performance to a certain point, but if it exceeds that point it just makes it worse

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11
Q

stress level in relation to task difficulty

A

as task difficulty increases, so does stress level, lower “optimum stress” point with higher difficulty

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12
Q

3 levels of stress

A

positive
tolerable
toxic

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13
Q

toxic stress (chronic stress) who researched it?

A

prolonged activation of stress response systems in the absence of protective relationships. Robert Sapolsky

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14
Q

affects of chronic/toxic stress

A 
constant physical and mental overdrive which leads to exhaustion. 
Disrupts neurogenesis (production of new neurons) 
Disrupts formation of connections between neurons, especially in hippocampus
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15
Q

3 characteristics of psychological “disorder”

A

Deviance: person’s behavior differs from social/cultural norms
Maladaptive behavior: interferes with everyday functioning
Personal distress: subjective pain and suffering

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16
Q

three categories of factors that contribute to disordres

A

biological
physiological
social/cultural

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17
Q

biological contributions to stress

A

genetic makeup, brain structure, genetic predisposition

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18
Q

psychological contributions to stress

A

stress responses, coping mechanisms

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19
Q

sociocultural contributions to stress

A

environment, trauma/abuse, cultural expectations

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20
Q

difference in gender gap for eating disorders

A

10 women to one man

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21
Q

anxiety symptoms

A

shaky, uneasy, sweaty, chills, rapid thoughts, fear, feeling detatched

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22
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

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A

generalized: constant anxiety about everyday things, unreasonable

23
Q

panic disorder

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A

feelings of sudden terror that strike suddenly. chest pain, irregular heart beat, feelings of choking, “going crazy”

24
Q

specific phobias

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A

extreme unreasonable and irrational fears that interfere with everyday life

25
PTSD
can develop following a traumatic or terrifying event. frightening and lating thoughts and memories of the event, flashbacks
26
OCD
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): constant thoughts or fears that cause them to perform certain rituals or routines.
27
factors leading to anxiety (etiology)
brain chemistry: imbalance in GABA neurotransmitter, hyper-reactivity of HPA axis genetics: moderate genetics predisposition (somewhat hereditary). environment: trauma and stressful events, anxiety responses can be learned and maintained from conditioning.
28
characteristics of eating disorders
cam start at young age, often progresses from diets, eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness
29
characteristics of anorexia nervosa
very underweight, fear of gaining weight, extremely restricted eating, risks of starvation, heart damage, brain damage
30
characteristics of bulimia nervosa
varies, fear of gaining weight, cycle of binging and purging, often overexercise. risks of intestinal issues, dehydration, tooth/throat decay
31
characteristics of binge eating disorder
overweight, uncontrolled eating, past the point of discomfort, risk of obesity, heart disease.
32
etiology of eating disorders
biological factors: some genetic component, hormones that regulate fullness, low serotonin, when you have anorexia no dopamine release when eating psychological factors: low self esteem, distorted body image, self-blame, perfectionism, comorbid anxiety or depression social/cultural factors: unhealthy/unrealistic pressure and attitude about diet or appearance, media portrayal of perfect body, availability of food.
33
major depressive disorder characteristics
fatigue, sluggishness. insomnia or excessive sleep. slow thinking, difficulty concentrating, persistent gloominess (anhedonia), low self esteem, suicidal ideation and in 10% attempts women are twice as likely
34
bipolar disorder characteristics
bipolar lows same as major depressive, manic (mania) hyperactivity, impulsive, very little sleep, flight of ideas, euphoria (or anger), inflated self esteem. equal men and women affected
35
etiology of mood disorders (unipolar and bipolar)
genetic: strong hereditary influence, low levels of serotonin psychological: negative thinking style (interpreting life events pessimistically, persistent rumination) social/cultural factors: poor social skills are associated (cause or consequence?)
36
characteristics of schizophrenia
positive: halliconations, delusions, disorganized thoughts, bizarre behaviors negative: flat affect, reduced social interaction, anhedonia, avolition, alogia catatonia.
37
anhedonia (schizophrenia)
no feeling of enjoyment
38
no feeling of enjoyment (schizophrenia)
anhedonia
39
avolition (schizophrenia)
less motivation and initiative
40
less motivation and initiative (schizophrenia)
avolition
41
catatonia (schizophrenia)
moving less
42
moving less (schizophrenia)
catatonia
43
dopamine hypothesis (schizophrenia)
too much dopamine, unclear how this explains some symptoms
44
neurodevelopmental hypothesis (schizophrenia)
exposure to viruses and birth complications damage the brain, creating a biological predisposition
45
autism types (ASD)
high functioning: function well in daily life, high IQ, maybe extraordinary skills autism: require support to function well, normal IQ or mild disability severe autism: require support to function at all, low IQ, often nonverbal
46
autism characteristics
developmental differences, overstimulation, hypersensitivity, difficulty ignoring distractions
47
psychoanalysis (whose idea?)
freud identify motives/conflicts that are unconsciously affecting you. emphasis on analyzing memories, dreams, and associations
48
client-centered therapy
supportive relationship, non directive, improve clients self-concept
49
systematic desensitization
exposure therapy | especially effective for phobias, client is confronted with incrementally more anxiety-producing situations
50
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
blends behavior modification and cognitive therapies. address and change negative thinking styles and behavioral habits
51
antidepressants
increase serotonin (block re-uptake), better regulation of mood and sleep
52
anxiolytic tranquilizer
increase gaba, reduce physical effects of anxiety
53
antipsychotics
decrease dopamine, controls symptoms (best for positive symptoms)

psy 101 (4 decks)

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