exam 4

Question 1

neurologically based disorders that are revealed in a clinically significant way during a child’s developing years

Answer 1

neurodevelopmental disorders

Question 2

developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness

Answer 2

attention deficit/hyperactive disorder

Question 3

genes that are deleted as a result of mutations; these deletions may play a role in the development of ADHD and other disorders

Answer 3

copy number variants

Question 4

characterized by the performance that is substantially below what would be expected given the person’s age, intelligence (IQ) score, and education

Answer 4

specific learning disorder

Question 5

prev called stuttering; disturbance in the fluency and time patterning of speech

Answer 5

childhood-onset fluency disorder

Question 6

neurodevelopmental disorder that, at its core, affects how one perceives and socializes w others

Answer 6

autism spectrum disorder

Question 7

pervasive developmental disorder involving severe regression in language, adaptive behavior, and motor skills after a 2 to 4 year period of normal development

Answer 7

childhood disintergrative disorder

Question 8

a genetic condition that affects mostly females; progressive neurodevelopmental disorder ft constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills

Answer 8

rett disorder

Question 9

wide-ranging, sig, and long lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18

Answer 9

pervasive developmental disorder

Question 10

attention shared by two persons toward an object after one person has indicated interest in the object to the other person

Answer 10

joint attention

Question 11

lacking appropriate facial expressions or tone of voice

Answer 11

prosody

Question 12

intense preference for the status quo

Answer 12

maintenance of sameness

Question 13

instructional techniques that are used w children having neurodevelopmental disorders and that move away from traditional desk instruction toward more social interactions

Answer 13

naturalistic teaching strategy

Question 14

disorder evident in childhood as sig below-average individual and adaptive functioning

Answer 14

intellectual disability

Question 15

recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a food chem whose buildup causes intellectual disability, seizures, and behavior probs

Answer 15

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 16

x-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior

Answer 16

lesch-nyhan syndrome

Question 17

type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration (chromosome 21) and involving characteristic phys appearance.

Answer 17

down syndrome

Question 18

down syndrome is caused by an extra 21st chromosome

Answer 18

trisomy 21

Question 19

procedure that involves removing and texting a sample of the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the amniotic sac

Answer 19

amniocentesis

Question 20

a small piece of placenta is removed and tested

Answer 20

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 21

disorder is caused by an abnormality on the X chromosome; resulting in intellectual disability, learning probs, and unusual phys char

Answer 21

fragile x syndrome

Question 22

mild intellectual disability that may be caused largely by environmental influences

Answer 22

cultural-familial intellectual disability

Question 23

characterized by impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days

Answer 23

delirium

Question 24

aka dementia; gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects memory, judgment, language and other advanced cog processes

Answer 24

major neurocognitive disorder

Question 25

created in DSM5 to focus attention on the early stages of cog decline; has modest impairments in cog abilities but can, w some accommodations, continue to function independently

Answer 25

mild neurocognitive disorder

Question 26

inability to recognize and name objects

Answer 26

agnosia

Question 27

the inability to recognize familiar faces

Answer 27

facial agnosia

Question 28

strange disease of the cerebral cortex that causes an atypical form of senile dementia, discovered in 1906 by a german psychiatrist

Answer 28

alzheimer’s disease

Question 29

condition resulting from a disease that develops most often in people 50 and older, char by multiple cog defects that dev gradually and steadily

Answer 29

neurocognitive disorder due to alzheimer’s disease

Question 30

progressive brain disorder that is a common cause of neurocognitive deficits

Answer 30

vascular neurocognitive disorder

Question 31

injury to head and, therefore, to the brain, typically caused by accidents; can lead to cog impairments, including memory loss

Answer 31

head trauma

Question 32

condition that damages the frontal or temporal regions of the brain; behavior or language is negatively affected

Answer 32

frontotemporal neurocognitive disorder

Question 33

rare condition that results in early onset neurocognitive disorder

Answer 33

pick’s disease

Question 34

brain damage caused by a blow to the head or other trauma that injures the brain and results in diminished neurocognitive capacity

Answer 34

traumatic brain injury

Question 35

condition resulting from jarring of the brain caused by a blow to the head or other impact; symptoms persist for at least a week after the initial trauma

Answer 35

neurocognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury

Question 36

neurological impairment that affects people w lewy body disease, in which protein deposits damage brain cells and gradually cause motor impairments and loss of alertness

Answer 36

neurocognitive disorder due to lewy body disease

Question 37

disorder characterized by progressive decline in motor movements; results from damage to dopamine pathways

Answer 37

neurological disorder due to parkinson’s diseasr

Question 38

degenerative brain disorder principally affecting motor performance assoc w reduction dopamine

Answer 38

parkinson’s disease

Question 39

disease that causes AIDS

Answer 39

human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)

Question 40

less common type of neurocognitive disorder that affects people who have HIV; may lead to impaired thinking in advanced stages

Answer 40

neurocognitive disorder due to HIV infection

Question 41

genetic disorder that initially affects motor movements, typically in the form of chorea, involuntary limb movements

Answer 41

huntington’s disease

Question 42

neurological disorder that follows a subcortical pattern and is notable for causing involuntary limb movements

Answer 42

neurological disorder due to huntington’s disease

Question 43

rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by prions, proteins that can reproduce themselves and cause damage to brain cells

Answer 43

neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease

Question 44

extremely rare type of prion disease that may result from a number of sources, including the consumption of beef from cattle with “mad cow disease

Answer 44

creutzfeldt-jakob disease

Question 45

brain damage caused by prolonged use of drugs, often in combination w a poor diet

Answer 45

substance/medication-based neurocognitive disorder