Exam 4/chapter 12-15 lecture quizzes

Question 1

If a neuron is prevented from sending a neurotransmitter across a synapse to another cell, which neuron property is being inhibited?

Secretion
Excitability
Conductivity
Permeability

Answer 1

Secretion

Question 2

Conduction of a nerve impulse would be the fastest in which of the following?

A large diameter myelinated fiber
A small diameter myelinated fiber
A large unmyelinated fiber
A small unmyelinated fiber
A small fiber with multiple Schwann cells

Answer 2

A large diameter myelinated fiber

Question 3

About 90% of the neurons in the nervous system are __________ neurons.
sensory
motor
afferent
efferent
association

Answer 3

association

Question 4

An inhibitory local potential causes which of the following?

Depolarization of the plasma membrane
Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane
Repolarization of the plasma membrane
Neutralization of the plasma membrane
Drifting of the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential

Answer 4

Hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane

Question 5

In the brain, neurons are more abundant than neuroglia.
True
False

Answer 5

False

Question 6

In a neuron, the opening of sodium gates typically leads to __________.
-repolarization of the plasma membrane
-hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane
-depolarization of the plasma membrane

-drifting of plasma membrane voltage
toward a more negative value

-plasma membrane voltage returning to the resting membrane potential

Answer 6

-depolarization of the plasma membrane

Question 7

A cholinergic synapse uses __________ as its neurotransmitter.
monoamine
acetylcholine
epinephrine
norepinephrine
catecholamine

Answer 7

acetylcholine

Question 8

Ependymal cells line the inner cavities of the CNS.
TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

In an action potential, which event directly follows repolarization?
1. Threshold is reached
2. Hyperpolarization of the membrane
3. Depolarization of the membrane
4. Hypopolarization of the membrane
5. The resting membrane potential is reinstated

Answer 9

2. Hyperpolarization of the membrane

Question 10

A neuron can receive thousands of EPSPs from different neurons, and responds by triggering or not triggering an action potential. This addition and response to the net effect of postsynaptic potentials is called __________.

temporal summation
neural summation
spatial summation
neuronal coding
recruitment

Answer 10

spatial summation

Question 11

A nurse pricks your finger to type your blood. You flinch at the pain, pulling your hand back. This is called the __________ reflex.
painful
stretch
flexor (withdrawal)
tendon
crossed extension

Answer 11

flexor (withdrawal)

Question 12

The cervical plexus is the origin of the __________ nerve(s).
oculomotor
sciatic
musculocutaneous
radial
phrenic

Answer 12

phrenic

Question 13

Which of the following branches of a spinal nerve has the somas of only sensory neurons?

Posterior (dorsal) root
Anterior (ventral) root
Posterior ramus
Anterior ramus
Meningeal branch

Answer 13

Posterior (dorsal) root

Question 14

Motor commands are carried by __________ from the brain along the spinal cord.
both anterior and posterior roots
ascending tracts
spinal nerves
cranial nerves
descending tracts

Answer 14

descending tracts

Question 15

The signals that control your handwriting travel down the spinal cord in the _________ tracts.
tectospinal
corticospinal
lateral vestibulospinal
medial vestibulospinal
spinocerebellar

Answer 15

corticospinal

Question 16

A ganglion is a _________.
bundle of axons in the CNS
cluster of dendrites in either the CNS or the PNS
cluster of neurosomas in the PNS
bundle of axons in the PNS
cluster of neurosomas in the CNS

Answer 16

cluster of neurosomas in the PNS

Question 17

A mixed nerve consists of both __________ and ___________.
myelinated; unmyelinated fibers
glial cells; nerve cells
afferent; efferent fibers
association; integration neurons
spinal; cranial fibers

Answer 17

afferent; efferent fibers

Question 18

The middle layer of the meninges is called the __________.
gray matter
white matter
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Answer 18

arachnoid mater

Question 19

Tendon organs are __________.
chemoreceptors
visceral receptors
proprioceptors
pain receptors
nociceptors

Answer 19

proprioceptors

Question 20

Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect which of the following?

1. Memory
2. Awareness of objects
3. Recognition and identification of objects
4. Expression of emotional feelings
5. Cognition

Answer 20

4. Expression of emotional feelings

Question 20

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is most permeable to which of the following?

Platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells
Sodium, potassium, and chloride
Urea and creatinine
Glucose and oxygen
Antibiotics

Answer 20

Glucose and oxygen

Question 21

Degeneration of the neurons in which of the following structures leads to the muscle tremors associated with Parkinson’s Disease?
Cerebral Crus
Tegmentum
Pons
Substantia Nigra
Inferior Colliculi

Answer 21

Substantia Nigra

Question 21

“Somatosensory” does not refer to sensory signals from __________.
bones and muscles
joints
proprioceptors
the viscera
the skin

Answer 21

the viscera

Question 22

A patient is experiencing a high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headaches. A spinal tap showed bacteria and white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This individual most likely has what condition?

Parkinson’s Disease
Alzheimer’s Disease
Meningitis
Hydrocephalus
A stroke

Answer 22

Meningitis

Question 23

The vision association area resides primarily in the temporal lobe. True False

Answer 23

false

Question 23

From superficial to deep, the meninges occur in which order? Dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid Dura mater, arachnoid, pia meter Pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid Pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater Arachnoid, pia mater, dura mater

Answer 23

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia meter

Question 24

Which of the following is not a motor cranial nerve? Trochlear nerve (IV) Abducens nerve (VI) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Accessory nerve (XI)

Answer 24

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 25

The pineal gland is part of which larger region of the brain? Thalamus Hypothalamus Occipital lobe Midbrain Epithalamus

Answer 25

Epithalamus

Question 26

After a stroke, a patient complains about a lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected which part of the brain? 1. Precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe 2. Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe 3. Precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe 4. Postcentral gyrus in the right temporal lobe 5. Postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe

Answer 26

2. Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe

Question 27

Both cerebrum and cerebellum have gray matter in their surface cortex and deeper nuclei, and white matter deep to the cortex. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Fibers of the vagus nerve end very near or within their target organs. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

Antagonistic effects of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are exemplified in the control of __________. blood clotting blood flow to the skeletal muscles sweating hair erection gastrointestinal motility

Answer 29

gastrointestinal motility

Question 30

In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called __________ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to __________ its beats per minute. baroreceptors; decrease proprioceptors; decrease baroreceptors; increase proprioceptors; increase chemoreceptors; increase

Answer 30

baroreceptors; decrease

Question 31

Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except __________. 1. changing the diameter of the pupil 2. adjusting heart rate and force 3. altering salivary mucus secretion 4. regulating gastrointestinal motility 5. maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck

Answer 31

5. maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck

Question 32

Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic efferent pathway are _________ and secrete __________. 1. myelinated; norepinephrine (NE) 2. myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) 3. myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine(NE) 4. unmyelinated; acetylcholine (ACh) 5. unmyelinated; norepinephrine(NE)

Answer 32

2. myelinated; acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 33

All sympathetic postganglionic adrenergic fibers secrete adrenaline. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

Sympathetic fibers arise only from the __________ region(s) of the spinal cord. cervical, thoracic, and lumbar thoracic and lumbar thoracic cervical lumbar

Answer 34

thoracic and lumbar

Question 35

Acetylcholine (ACh) always has an excitatory effect. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 35

FALSE

Question 36

Sympathetic effects tend to last __________ than parasympathetic effects. One reason is that __________. 1. shorter; acetylcholine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down 2. longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down 3. about the same; the two divisions use the same neurotransmitters 4. shorter; acetylcholine is broken down by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 5. longer; acetylcholine is broken down by monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Answer 36

2. longer; norepinephrine can diffuse into the bloodstream without being broken down

Question 37

If a cell has α 1 adrenergic receptors, it is sensitive to __________. acetylcholine (ACh) norepinephrine (NE) adrenaline alpha adrenaline nicotine adrenaline and norepinephrine

Answer 37

adrenaline and norepinephrine