EXAM 4 - Chapter 14, Miotic/Meiotic Errors

Question 1

Life Cycle of Kingdom Animalia

Answer 1

Multicellular, Adult Diploids

Question 2

Sexual Reproduction of Animalia

Answer 2

Gametes formed by Meiosis

Question 3

The cycle generally goes…

Answer 3

diploid, then haploid sperm and egg by meiosis, and then they come together to form diploid zygote, then adult zygote by mitosis

Question 4

Kingdom fungi life cycle

Answer 4

multicellular, adult haploids

Question 5

(Fungi) the adult haploids make

Answer 5

haploid spores

Question 6

(Fungi) Sexual Reproduction

Answer 6

gametes formed by mitosis

Question 7

(Fungi) It does go through _____, just…

Answer 7

meiosis, just at a different point than the normal

Question 8

(Fungi) General cycle…

Answer 8

haploid multicellular organism becomes haploid reproductive cells by mitosis, then becomes diploid zygote, then goes through meiosis to make haploid spore

Question 9

Plantae - life cycle

Answer 9

Alternation of Generations

Question 10

Plantae - Sexual Reproduction

Answer 10

Gametes formed by mitosis

Question 11

Plantae - general cycle

Answer 11

diploid plant sporophyte, then forms haploid spores by meiosis, then haploid gametophyte then egg and sperm by mitosis and they come together to make diploid zygote

Question 12

The Meiotic Error Duplication can occur during….

Answer 12

Synapsis or DNA Replication (Interphase)

Question 13

Duplication error is when…

Answer 13

a portion of chromosome is duplicated and inserted into a chromosome with the normal copies

Question 14

Duplications are usually..

Answer 14

fatal

Question 15

Deletion error is…

Answer 15

loss of a portion of a chromosome

Question 16

Deletion is usually…

Answer 16

fatal

Question 17

Inversion error is when…

Answer 17

invert a chromosome section 180

Question 18

Inversion error is usually…

Answer 18

not fatal, can reduce fertility

Question 19

Translocation errors is when…

Answer 19

move a section to another (non-homologous) chromosome

Question 20

Translocation is usually…

Answer 20

not fatal, can reduce fertility

Question 21

Errors in ____ can also result in several other types of chromosomal mutations

Answer 21

meiosis

Question 22

Nondisjunction occurs when

Answer 22

chromosomes do not separate during Meiosis I or II

cell that receives both copies has two copies of that chromosome instead of one

cell that receives no copy is lacking that particular chromosome altogether

Question 23

_________ can be caused by nondisjunction during mitosis or meiosis

Answer 23

Aneuploidy

Question 24

Aneuploidy is when

Answer 24

there is something greater or less than two copies in a diploid cell for one (or a few) chromosomes

so one chromosome is present only once or more than twice

supposed to be diploid, most diploid, but one or two have less/more than one

Question 25

Aneuploidy in human is…

Answer 25

almost always fatal

an exception is for sex chromosomes and trisomy 21

Question 26

Aneuploidy in trisomy 21…

Answer 26

• is 1/800
• down syndrome
• mental impairment, abnormal pattern of palm creases, flattened face, short stature

Question 27

Aneuploidy XXY

Answer 27

-1/1000 (males)
- Klinefelter
- sexual immaturity (no sperm), breatst swelling

Question 28

Aneuploidy XYY

Answer 28

• 1/1000(males)
• Jacobs
• Tall

Question 29

Aneuploidy XO

Answer 29

• 1/5000 (females)
• Turner
• Short stature, webbed neck, sexually underdeveloped

Question 30

Another nondisjunction is

Answer 30

Polyploidy

Question 31

Polyploidy is when

Answer 31

ALL chromosomes are present more than twice

Question 32

Polyploidy is…

Answer 32

fatal in human, numerous example are available for plants and animals

Question 33

Examples of Polyploidy are…

Answer 33

ontarios eastern green tree frog (4n)

copes gray tree frog (2n)

both found in Lynchburg!!!