exam 4 definitions (nervous system)

Question 1

respond to stimuli,

Answer 1

sensory receptor

Question 2

activated by touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, stretch, vibration, and changes in body position

Answer 2

general sense

Question 3

include vision, hearing, equilibrium, smell, and taste

Answer 3

special senses

Question 4

sensitive to stimuli in external environment and are found close to body surface

Answer 4

exteroceptors

Question 5

respond to stimuli within body

Answer 5

interoreceptors

Question 6

respond to internal stimuli, restricted to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bone and muscles

Answer 6

proprioceptors

Question 7

consists of the brain and spinal cord, which primarily interpret incoming sensory information and issue instructions.

Answer 7

central nervous system (CNS)

Question 8

consists of the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors

Answer 8

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 9

location: anterior to the inferior region of the premotor area in the frontal lobe in only one hemisphere

function: controls muscles involved in speech production and also plays a role in the planning of nonspeech motor functions

Answer 9

broca’s area

Question 10

the outermost gray matter of the cerebrum

Answer 10

cerebral cortex

Question 11

is composed of myelinated fibers bundled into tracts carrying impulses to or from the cortex

Answer 11

cerebral white matter

Question 12

location: postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

functions: receives information from the body’s sensory receptors in the skin and from proprioceptors in the skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons

Answer 12

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 13

location: precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

function: conscious control of the voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Answer 13

primary motor cortex

Question 14

is embryologically part of the forebrain, along with the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 14

diencephalon

Question 15

-working memory for spatial tasks
-executive area for task management
-working memory for object-recall tasks
-solving complex, multitask problems

Answer 15

prefrontal cortex

Question 16

carries afferent impulses associated with vision
-sensory

Answer 16

optic

Question 17

carries afferent impulses for sense of smell
-sensory

Answer 17

olfactory

Question 18

direct eyeball, eyelid, and controls lens shape and pupil size
-motor

Answer 18

oculomotor

Question 19

provides somatic motor fibers to superior oblique muscles that move the eyeball
-motor

Answer 19

trochlear

Question 20

major sensory nerve of the face; conducts sensory impulses from skin of face and anterior scalp, from mucosae of mouth and nose, and from surface of eyes.
-motor and sensory

Answer 20

trigeminal

Question 21

carries somatic motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle that abducts the eyeball
-motor

Answer 21

abducens

Question 22

supplies somatic motor fibers to muscles of facial expression and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle; parasympathetic motor fibers to lacrimal and salivary glands; carries sensory fibers from taste receptors of anterior tongue
-motor and sensory

Answer 22

facial

Question 23

vestibular branch transmits impulses associated with a sense of equilibrium from vestibular apparatus and semicircular canals; cochlear branch transmits impulses associated with hearing from cochlea. small motor component adjusts the sensitivity of the sensory receptors
-sensory

Answer 23

vestibulocochlear

Question 24

somatic motor fibers serve pharyngeal muscles, and parasympathetic motor fibers serve salivary glands; sensory fibers carry impulses from pharynx, tonsils, posterior tongue (taste buds), and from chemoreceptors and pressure receptors of carotid artery.
-motor and sensory

Answer 24

glossopharyngeal

Question 25

fibers carry somatic motor impulses to pharynx and larynx and sensory fibers from same structures; very large portion is composed of parasympathetic motor fibers, which supply heart and smooth muscles of abdominal visceral organs; transmits sensory impulses form viscera -motor and sensory

Answer 25

vagus

Question 26

provides somatic motor fibers to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles - motor and sensory (primarily motor)

Answer 26

accessory

Question 27

carries somatic motor fibers to muscles of tongue -motor and sensory (primarily motor)

Answer 27

hypoglossal

Question 28

are involved in regulating voluntary motor activities and flank the lateral and third ventricles

Answer 28

basal nuclei

Question 29

the major commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 29

corpus callosum

Question 30

the entire surface is thrown into elevated ridges of tissue called

Answer 30

gyri

Question 31

gyri are separated by shallow grooved called

Answer 31

sulci

Question 32

deeper grooves in the brain are called

Answer 32

fissures

Question 33

a part of the brain that is responsible for understanding written and spoken language

Answer 33

wernicke's area

Question 34

a part of the frontal lobe of the brain that controls voluntary movement on the opposite side of the body

Answer 34

precentral gyrus

Question 35

a tube-shaped column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull to the lower back, carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body

Answer 35

spinal cord

Question 36

a nerve that contains both sensory and motor nerve fibers

Answer 36

mixed nerve

Question 37

nerve fibers that are part of the parasympathetic nervous system and use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter

Answer 37

cholinergic fibers

Question 38

nerve fibers that release the neurotransmitters norepinephrine adrenaline, or dopamine

Answer 38

adrenergic fibers

Question 39

a region in the parietal lobe of the brain that interprets and integrates tactile information from the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 39

somatosensory association area

Question 40

a thin, translucent plate in the brain that separates the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles

Answer 40

septum pellucidum

Question 41

a white matter bundle located in the mesial aspect of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 41

fornix

Question 42

an area of the brain that helps process information from the senses and transmit it to other parts of the brain

Answer 42

thalamus

Question 43

the area of the brain that controls body temperature, hunger, and thirst

Answer 43

hypothalamus

Question 44

a network of blood vessels and cells in the ventricles of the brain

Answer 44

choroid plexus

Question 45

a small endocrine gland that releases several important hormones and controls the functions of many other endocrine system glands

Answer 45

pituitary gland

Question 46

a narrow channel connecting the third and fourth brain ventricles. csf flows through with no obstruction

Answer 46

cerebral aqueduct