Axial Skeleton

Question 1

-protects brain
-provides attachment sites for head and neck muscles
-houses major sensory organs for vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell
- 29 total bones
-22 skull bones

Answer 1

skull

Question 2

-supports trunk
-protects the spinal cord
-provides attachment sites for ribs and muscles of neck and back
-infants have 33 separate vertebrae
-adults have 26 because 9 fuse to form 2 composite bones

Answer 2

vertebral column

Question 3

-protective structure around organs of the throacic cavity
-sternum and paired ribs 25 bones total
-costal cartilages
-thoracic vertebrae

Answer 3

thoracic cage

Question 4

-8 bones that form cranium
-connected by immovable articulations called sutured

Answer 4

cranial bones

Question 5

cranium

Answer 5

-cranial vault
-cranial base

Question 6

superior, lateral, and posterior walls of skull

Answer 6

cranial vault

Question 7

bottom of the skull

Answer 7

cranial base

Question 8

located medially at level of intervertebral disc between T2 and T3

Answer 8

suprasternal notch

Question 9

clavicle forms a joint with manubrium

Answer 9

clavicular notch

Question 10

landmark for finding rip 2 when using a stethoscope

Answer 10

sternal angle

Question 11

heart sits on diaphragm

Answer 11

xiphisternal joint

Question 12

What are the true rips numbered?

Answer 12

1-7

Question 13

What are the false ribs numbered

Answer 13

8-12

Question 14

What are the floating ribs numbered

Answer 14

11-12

Question 15

-named after greek god who carried the world on his shoulders
-only one that articulates with skull
-has no spinous process
-has no vertebral body
-has anterior arches that meet at anterior tubercle
-has posterior arches that meet at posterior tubercle
-has lateral masses on either side

Answer 15

Atlas (C1)

Question 16

-peg-like dens (odontoid process) project superiorly to body
-articulates with enlarged vertebral foramen of the atlas

Answer 16

Axis (C2)

Question 17

-receive occipital condyles of occipital bone of skull
- inferior articular facets articulate with axis

Answer 17

superior articular facets

Question 18

-between C1 and C2
-no intervertebral disc between atlas and axis

Answer 18

atlantoaxial joint

Question 19

-spinous process is larger than other cervical vertebrae
-not bifid
-vertebra prominens

Answer 19

C7

Question 20

-heart-shaped body bearing 4 small facets where ribs articulate
- a spinous process that points sharply inferiorly
-a circular vertebral foramen

Answer 20

thoracic vertebrae

Question 21

-large sizes and weights
-wide kidney-shaped bodies
-blunt, hatchet-shaped spinous processes
-triangular vertebral foramina

Answer 21

Lumbar vertebrae

Question 22

-prominent bulge on anterosuperior margin
-important anatomical landmark in females during female exams/labor and delivery
-alae

Answer 22

sacral promontory

Question 23

-marks sites of vertebral fusion

Answer 23

transverse lines

Question 24

-composed of 3-5 fused vertebrae
-horn-like projections (coccygeal cornu)
-offers slight support to pelvic organs
-serves as point of attachment for muscles of pelvic floor

Answer 24

coccyx

Question 25

-opening that lies between body and vertebral arch -adjacent vertebral foramina form vertebral canal -houses spinal cord

Answer 25

vertebral foramen

Question 26

-inferior to mandible -C-shaped -does not articulate with any other bone -serves as a moveable base for tongue -serves as attachment site for neck muscles that raise and lower larynx during swallowing and speech

Answer 26

hyoid bone

Question 27

-paired; irregularly shaped -closes around 12 months

Answer 27

mastoid fontanels

Question 28

paired; small, irregularly shaped -closes around 3 months

Answer 28

sphenoid fontanels

Question 29

small, triangular -closes around 2 months post-birth

Answer 29

posterior fontanel

Question 30

-largest fontanel; diamond-shaped -closes 18-24 months post-birth

Answer 30

anterior fontanel

Question 31

divided left and right frontal bones -closes around 3-9 months

Answer 31

frontal suture

Question 32

what is the function of paranasal sinuses

Answer 32

-lighten skull -add resonance to the voice -warm, moisten, and clean inhaled air

Question 33

upright branch of mandible that serves as attachment site for a muscle that closes jaw

Answer 33

mandibular ramus

Question 34

area at which body meets ramus

Answer 34

mandibular angle

Question 35

rounded projection that articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Answer 35

mandibular condyle

Question 36

insertion site for a muscle that closes mouth

Answer 36

coronoid process

Question 37

indentation between coronoid process and mandibular condyle

Answer 37

mandibular notch

Question 38

-forms upper jawbone -keystone bones of the face -articulate with all other bones except mandible

Answer 38

maxillae

Question 39

-superior border of the mandibular body -contains tooth sockets

Answer 39

alveolar process

Question 40

openings in mandible that serve as passageways of nerves and blood vessels

Answer 40

mental foramina

Question 41

most deeply situated bone of skull

Answer 41

ethmoid bone

Question 42

-superior projection in the midline of ethmoid bone -attached to the brain by connective tissue wrappings

Answer 42

crista galli

Question 43

-bony plates studded with olfactory foramina -serve as passageways for fibers of olfactory cranial nerves

Answer 43

cribriform plates

Question 44

forms superior portion of nasal septum

Answer 44

perpendicular plate

Question 45

-thin bone scrolls projecting into the nasal cavity on either side of the perpendicular plate -creates air turbulence that slows air movement

Answer 45

superior and middle nasal conchae

Question 46

-small transverse ridges on either side of the external occipital protuberance -created by neck muscle attachments

Answer 46

superior and inferior nuchal lines`

Question 47

-bat-shaped bone located posterior to frontal bone -articulated with every other cranial bone -keystone bone of cranium

Answer 47

sphenoid bone

Question 48

-project laterally from central body of sphenoid bone -form part of floor of middle cranial fossa

Answer 48

greater wings

Question 49

horn-shaped projection that form part of floor of anterior cranial fossa

Answer 49

lesser wings

Question 50

-project inferiorly form greater wings -attachment site for muscles

Answer 50

pterygoid processes

Question 51

forms posterior part and most of base of cranium

Answer 51

occipital bone

Question 52

large opening on inferior surface of skull where brain and spinal cord meet

Answer 52

foramen magnum

Question 53

rounded projections that articulate with 1st cervical vertebrae (atlas) to form atlantooccipital joint

Answer 53

occipital condyles

Question 54

opening where a cranial nerve passes

Answer 54

hypoglossal canals

Question 55

ridge of bone that extends posteriorly form foramen magnum and ends at external occipital protuberance

Answer 55

external occipital crest

Question 56

-small midline bump at end of external occipital crest -occurs at the junction between base and posterior wall of skull

Answer 56

external occipital protuberance