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Exam 4/Final Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What is Ericksons stage for Adolescence?

A

Identity vs. Role Confusion

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2
Q

What is Freud’s stage for Adolescence?

A

Genital Stage

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3
Q

What stage are adolescents in under Piaget’s belief?

A

Formal Operations

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4
Q

What is Metacognitions?

A

The ability to think about your thinking

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5
Q

What develops during adolescence?

A

Primary sex characteristics develop, development of sex organs

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6
Q

What are Secondary Sex Characteristics?

A

Development of other signs of sexual maturity (breasts, body hair)

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7
Q

What sex has a better time if they mature earlier than others the same age?

A

Boys: earlier is better, late is worse

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8
Q

What sex has a better time if they mature later than others of the same age?

A

Girls: earlier is worse, late is better

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9
Q

What is Adolescent Egocentrism?

A

The distorted feeling that one’s own actions are the center of everyone else’s consciousness

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10
Q

What is Imaginary Audience?

A

“I am on stage and everyone is watching me” it occurs during adolescence.

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11
Q

What is Personal Fable?

A

“I am unique, no one has it as bad as me” it occurs during adolescence

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12
Q

What did the CDC find about adolescents having sex?

A

It’s about even with boys and girls

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13
Q

What did the CDC find about adolescents alcohol/drug use?

A

Females are using alcohol/drugs a little bit more than males (74.2 female, 70.8 males)

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14
Q

What did the CDC find about adolescents binge drinking?

A

It is about the same for males and females

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15
Q

What are Marcia’s 4 Theories of Identity?

A
  1. Identity Achievement
  2. Identity Foreclosure
  3. Identity Moratorium
  4. Identity Diffusion
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16
Q

What is Marcia’s theory of Identity Achievement?

A

The first theory which is, through crises, makes commitment

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17
Q

What is Marcia’s theory of Identity Foreclosure?

A

The second theory which is, no crises, is committed

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18
Q

What is Marcia’s theory of Identity Moratorium?

A

The third theory which is, crisis in process, commitment in process (they can’t make up their mind, don’t know who they are, and don’t know what to do)

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19
Q

What is Marcia’s theory of Identify Diffusion?

A

The fourth theory which is, No real crisis, no commitment

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20
Q

What percent of individuals reach identity achievement at age 18 according to Marcia?

A

20%

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21
Q

What percent of individuals reach identity achievement by age 24?

A

60%

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22
Q

What is Primary Focus of adolescence?

A

The quest for autonomy

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23
Q

What is the Double Blind in adolescence?

A

How they want to be considered an adult but still live like a child.

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24
Q

What is Peer Pressure in adolescence?

A

Teens look to peers more but they will still go to their parents on major issues if the communication is open.

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25
What is Impulsivity in adolescence?
Teens are more impulsive in general but they are more likely to act impulsively when with peers than alone while driving
26
What is Conduct disorder?
Consistent and repetitive pattern of breaking the rules and violating the rights of others
27
What sex is more often to have conduct disorder?
Males
28
What is the cornerstone of conduct disorder?
Noncompliance
29
What is the most dangerous aspect of an individual with conduct disorder?
Callus and unemotional
30
What is the first covert behavior?
Constant lying though 42% start with stealing as the first covert behavior
31
What action is common for Conduct disordered youth for which 75% of youths have experienced?
Bullying and most often it is stopped by peers
32
What is the largest of all crimes committed by Conduct disordered youth?
Firesetting, which is very dangerous.
33
What percentage of firesetters have CD?
74%
34
What percent of firesetters are youth?
50%
35
What are the two developmental pathways for conduct disorder?
1. Early starter pathway | 2. Late starter pathway
36
What is the early starter pathway for conduct disorder?
Starts younger and is chronic into adulthood (approx 50% continue on). Poor prognosis. Starts with a less serious behavior (lying, stealing) and become more serious over time (substance abuse, violence)
37
What is the Late starter pathway for conduct disorder?
Begins in adolescence, less serious. More likely to be rebellious than aggressive. Since they have a better start they may dabble in deviant behavior but they are still at risk for continuing criminal behavior
38
What is the significant contributing factor to the late starter pathway of Conduct Disorder?
Poor parental supervision in middle school
39
What did trentacosta study?
He did a longitudinal study for 15 years examining court records, interviewing parents, and adolescents he followed since infancy
40
What did trentacosta find during his research?
Impulsive youth in dangerous neighborhoods were more involved with antisocial behavior than those living in low risk neighborhoods
41
What is a powerful predictor of antisocial behavior?
Parental knowledge because the more that parents kept track of their children, the better they were insulated from criminal behavior.
42
What type of families led to conduct disordered youth?
Alcoholic-drug addicted, abusive, violent, criminal-antisocial, and chaotic families
43
What is the most common form of self-injurers?
Cutting, but others are biting, burning, and pulling hair.
44
What sex is more likely to perform self injury acts?
Girls
45
What percent of non-clinical populations are self injurers? In patient settings?
13% in non-clinical pops and up to 44% in in-patient settings
46
What are the reasons for self injuring?
1. Relieves psychological pain. 2. Gets one to feel something - stop numbness 3. Self hatred or self punishment 4. Symbolic self-killing, death with from mother 5. attention
47
What is the root of self injuring?
Poor emotional regulation
48
Is suicide common before adolescence?
No it is very rare
49
How does suicide increase during adolescence?
Before 15 = rare 15-19 suicide increases Highest 20-24
50
What is the 3rd leading cause of death in adolescence?
Suicide
51
What are the primary ways of suicide?
57% firearms 28% hanging 7% overdose 3% jumping
52
Who kills themselves more and who attempts more?
Males kill themselves more while females attempt more
53
What are risk factors for adolescent suicide?
Family problems, history of attempts, substance abuse, sexual abuse, school problems, hopelessness, history of impulsivity, planning writing a will talking in past tense getting happy and giving valuables away.
54
Of the individuals with eating disorders how many are males?
10% males, 90% female
55
When do eating disorders begin?
Begin in teen years and mostly declines by the 30s
56
What race/class has eating disorders?
Tends to be white, middle-upper class
57
What is the death rate for anorexia?
9%
58
What is the highest death rate of all psychiatric disorders?
Anorexia, with 9%
59
50% of eating disorders are caused by what?
Bad dieting
60
what percent of individuals with eating disorders have been sexually abused?
50%
61
What is the current trend of eating disorders (rising or declining)?
All eating disorders are on the rise
62
What has the most impact on eating disorders?
Culture
63
What is anorexia nervosa?
weight loss that is below normal expected weight. Intense fear of gaining weight body image disturbance at least 3 months
64
What is Binge eating disorder?
Individual binges No purges Marked distress over binges at least 1x per week for 3 months
65
What is Bulimia Nervosa?
Recurrent binge episodes: eating in a short period of time that is larger than normal, and person feels out of control. Purging: vomiting 80% of calories remain in body after vomiting Binging and purging are at least 2x a week for 3 months
66
What stage is young adulthood according to Erickson?
Intimacy vs. isolation
67
What is physical performance during young adulthood?
Good, hand eye coordination is at its peak.
68
When do most athletes begin to lose their edge?
In early 30s
69
What percent of individuals exercise regularly?
10%
70
Young adults are more likely to die from what?
Auto accidents; illness and disease are rare
71
What age range has the most chance to be murdered?
20-29
72
What sex is more likely to be a victim?
Male
73
What sex is more likely to be an offender?
Male
74
What is the #1 type of murder?
Argument
75
What increases aggressiveness resulting in murder?
the presence of a gun
76
When does drug use peak (age)?
18-20
77
When is binge drinking highest (age)?
21-25
78
What percent of people will have premarital sex by age 20?
75%
79
How many sexually active teens will get a STD?
1 out of 4
80
What sex attends college more and graduates more?
Females, even at masters level
81
What degrees do females and males gravitate toward?
Females - nursing, english, education | Males - math, science, and engineering
82
What state has the highest public college graduation?
Delaware
83
What state has the lowest public college graduation?
Alaska
84
How does health change in middle adulthood?
Physical appearance changes - body fat increases, strength decreases. Hearing, vision, and reaction time decrease
85
What sex lives longer?
Women
86
How does sex change in middle adulthood?
Frequency decreases. AARP says 28% of women and men have some sort of sexual activity at least 1x per week over 45. 40% 1x per month and it doesn't significantly decrease until after 75
87
What are the types of adultery?
1. Loneliness 2. Jealousy 3. Revenge 4. Hurt 5. Unforgiveness 6. Inquisitive 7. Experimental 8. Addiction
88
Why doesn't cohabitation work?
Because of the inertia theory
89
What is female climacteric?
The period that marks the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so
90
What is menopause?
The cessation of menstruation
91
What are symptoms of menopause?
mood swings, irritability, hot flashes, headaches, aching joints, dizziness, heart palpitations
92
When does menopause start? Why?
40-60 due to drop in progesterone and estrogen
93
What plays a part in a woman having symptoms during menopause?
10% have severe symptoms; 50% have no symptoms at all. The mind plays a huge role
94
What is Male climacteric?
Physical and psychological changes related to the male reproductive system?
95
What happens during Male climacteric?
Testosterone and sperm production decreases, but males can make babies until death. Prostate gland enlarges, causes frequent urination and cancer risk. Sexual drive decreases for most.
96
What are boomerang children?
Kids that move out then move back in over and over again
97
What is the sandwich generation?
Having pressure to take care of kids and parents at the same time
98
What are the 3 types of grandparenting?
1. involved 2. Companionate 3. remote
99
What are involved grandparents?
Live with kids and basically raise them
100
What are companionate grandparents?
There to spoil the children but not responsible for raising them.

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