Exam 4 Head/ Neck Muscles Flashcards
(103 cards)
0
Q
What is the insertion of the mylohyoid?
A
Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid
1
Q
What is the origin of the mylohoid?
A
Mylohyoid line of mandible
2
Q
What is the innervation of the mylohyoid?
A
Nerve to mylohoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve (from mandibular nerve, CN V3)
3
Q
What is the action of the mylohyoid?
A
Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking
4
Q
What is the origin of the geniohyoid?
A
Inferior mental spine of mandible
5
Q
What is the insertion of the geniohyoid?
A
Body of hyoid
6
Q
What is the innervation of the geniohyoid?
A
C1 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
7
Q
What is the action of the geniohyoid?
A
Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx
8
Q
What is the origin of the stylohyoid?
A
Styloid process of temporal bone
9
Q
What is the insertion of the stylohyoid?
A
Body of hyoid
10
Q
What is the innervation of the stylohyoid?
A
Stylohyoid branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
11
Q
What is the action of the stylohyoid?
A
Elevates and retracts hyoid, thus elongating floor of mouth
12
Q
What is the origin of the digastric?
A
Anterior belly: digastric fossa of mandible
Posterior belly: mastoid notch of temporal bone
13
Q
What is the insertion of the digastric?
A
Intermediate tendon to body and greater horn of hyoid
14
Q
What is the innervation of the digastric?
A
Anterior belly: nerve to mylohyoid, a branch of inferior alveolar nerve
Posterior belly: digastric branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
15
Q
What is the action of the digastric?
A
Working with infrahyoid muscles, depresses mandible against resistance, elevates and steadies hyoid during swallowing and speaking
16
Q
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
A
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric
17
Q
What is the origin of the sternohyoid?
A
Manubrium of sternum and medial ned of clavicle
18
Q
What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?
A
Body of hyoid
19
Q
What is the innervation of the sternohyoid?
A
C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
20
Q
What is the action of the sternohyoid?
A
Depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing
21
Q
What is the origin of the omohyoid?
A
Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
22
Q
What is the insertion of the omohyoid?
A
Inferior border of hyoid
23
Q
What is the innervation of the omohyoid?
A
C1-C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
24
What is the action of the omohyoid?
Depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid
25
What is the origin of the sternothyroid?
Posterior surface of manubrium of sternum
26
What is the insertion of the sternothyroid?
Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
27
What is the innervation of the sternothyroid?
C2 and C3 by a branch of ansa cervicalis
28
What is the action of the sternothyroid?
Depresses hyoid and larynx
29
What is the origin of the thryohyoid?
Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
30
What is the insertion of the thyrohyoid?
Inferior border of the body and greater horn of the hyoid
31
What is the innervation of the thyrohyoid?
C1 via hypoglossal nerve
32
What is the action of the thyrohyoid?
Depresses hyoid and elevates larynx
33
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
1. Sternohyoid
2. Omohyoid
3. Sternothyroid
4. Thyrohyoid
34
What is the origin of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Epicranial aponeurosis
35
What is the insertion of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Skin and subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead
36
What is the action of the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Elevates eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead, protracts scalp (indicating surprise or curiosity)
37
What is the origin of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line
38
What is the insertion of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Epicranial aponeurosis
39
What is the action of the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Retracts scalp, increasing effectiveness of frontal belly
40
What is the origin of the orbicularis oculi? (orbital sphincter)
Medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone
41
What is the insertion of the orbicularis oculi? (orbital sphincter)
Skin around margin of orbit, superior and inferior tarsi (tarsal plates)
42
What is the action of the oribularis oculi? (orbital sphincter)
Closes eyelids, palpebral part does so gently, orbital part tightly (winking)
43
What is the origin of the orbicularis oris? (oral sphincter)
Medial maxilla and mandible, deep surface of peri-oral skin, angle of mouth
44
What is the insertion of the orbicularis oris? (oral sphincter)
Mucous membrane of lips
45
What is the action of the orbicularis oris? (oral sphincter)
Tonus closes mouth, phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) or resists distention (when blowing)
46
What is the origin of the buccinator? (cheek muscle)
Mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
47
What is the insertion of the buccinator? (cheek muscle)
Angle of mouth (modiolus), orbicularis oris
48
What is the action of the buccinator? (cheek muscle)
Presses cheek against molar teeth, works with tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule, resists distention (when blowing)
49
What is the origin of the platysma?
Subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions
50
What is the insertion of the platysma?
Base of mandible, skin of cheek and lower lip, angle of mouth, orbicularis oris
51
What is the action of the platysma?
Depresses mandible (against resistance), tenses skin of inferior face and neck (conveying tension and stress)
52
What is the innervation of the platysma?
Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
53
What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?
Lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
54
What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?
Sternal head: anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head: superior surface of medial 1/3 of clavicle
55
What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI, motor), C2 and C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)
56
What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?
Unilateral contraction: tilts head to the same side and rotates it so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side
Bilateral contraction: extends neck at atlanto-occipital joints, flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium, extends superior cervical bertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level
With cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate manubrium and medial end of clavicles, assisting pump-hangle action of deep respiration
57
What are the cutaneous and superficial muscles of the neck?
1. platysma
| 2. sternocleidomastoid
58
What are the muscles of the anterior cervical region (extrinsic muscles of larynx)?
- suprahyoid muscles
1. mylohyoid
2. geniohyoid
3. stylohyoid
4. digastric
- infrahyoid muscles
1. sternohyoid
2. omohyoid
3. sternothyroid
4. thyrohyoid
59
What is the origin of temporalis?
triangular muscles with broad attachment to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fascia
60
What is the insertion of temporalis?
Narrow attachment to tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible
61
What is the innervation of temporalis?
anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via deep temporal nerves
62
What is the action of temporalis?
elevates mandible, closing jaws, posterior, more horizontal fibers are retractors of mandible
63
What is the origin of masseter?
Quadrate muscle attaching to inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch
64
What is the insertion of masseter?
Angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible
65
What is the innervation of masseter?
Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via masseteric nerve
66
What is the action of masseter?
Elevates mandible, superficial fibers make limited contribution to protrusion of mandible
67
What is the origin of lateral pterygoid?
Triangular 2 headed muscle from (1) infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid and (2) lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
68
What is the insertion of lateral pterygoid?
Superior head attaches primarily to joint capsule and articular disc of TMJ; inferior head attaches primarily to pterygoid fovea on anteromedial aspect of neck of condyloid process of mandible
69
What is the innervation of lateral pterygoid?
Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via nerves to lateral pterygoid
70
What is the action of lateral pterygoid?
Acting bilaterally, protracts mandible and depresses chin, acting unilaterally, swings jaw toward contralateral side, alternate unilateral contraction produces larger lateral chewing movements
71
What is the origin of medial pterygoid?
Quadrangular 2 headed muscle from (1) medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate amd pyramidal process of palatine bone and (2) tuberosity of maxilla
72
What is the insertion of medial pterygoid?
Medial surface of ramus of mandible, inferior to mandibular foramen, in essence a "mirror image" of the ipsilateral masseter, the 2 muscles flanking the ramus
73
What is the innervation of medial pterygoid?
Anterior trunk of mandibular nerve (CN V3) via nerve to medial pterygoid
74
What is the action of medial pterygoid?
Acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible, contributes to protrusion, alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements
75
What is the origin of levator palpebrae superioris?
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone, superior and anterior to optic canal
76
What is the insertion of levator palpebrae superioris?
Superior tarsus and skin of superior eyelid
77
What is the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?
Oculomotor nerve, deep later (superior tarsal muscle) supplied by sympathetic fibers
78
What is the action of levator palpebrae superioris?
Elevates superior eyelid
79
What is the origin of superior oblique?
Body of sphenoid bone
80
What is the insertion of superior oblique?
Tendon passes through trochlea to insert into sclera, deep to superior rectus
81
What is the innervation of superior oblique?
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
82
What is the action of superior oblique?
Abducts, depresses and rotates eyeball medially (intorsion)
83
What is the origin of inferior oblique?
Anterior part of floor of orbit
84
What is the insertion of inferior oblique?
Sclera deep to lateral rectus muscle
85
What is the innervation of inferior oblique?
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
86
What is the action of inferior oblique?
Abducts, elevates and rotates eyeball laterally (extorsion)
87
What is the origin of superior rectus?
Common tendinous ring
88
What is the insertion of superior rectus?
Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction
89
What is the innervation of superior rectus?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
90
What is the action of superior rectus?
Elevates, adducts and rotates eyeball medially (intorsion)
91
What is the origin of inferior rectus?
Common tendinous ring
92
What is the insertion of inferior rectus?
Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction
93
What is the innervation of inferior rectus?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
94
What is the action of inferior rectus?
Depresses, adducts and rotates eyeball laterally (extorsion)
95
What is the origin of medial rectus?
Common tendinous ring
96
What is the origin of lateral rectus?
Common tendinous ring
97
What is the insertion of medial rectus?
Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction
98
What is the insertion of lateral rectus?
Sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction
99
What is the innervation of medial rectus?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
100
What is the innervation of lateral rectus?
Abducent nerve (CN VI)
101
What is the action of medial rectus?
Adducts eyeball
102
What is the action of lateral rectus?
Abducts eyeball
