Exam 4 Ligaments

Question 0

What is the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 0

a strong Y shaped ligament that attaches to the AIIS and acetabular rim proximally and intertrochanteric line distally.

prevents hyperextension of the hip during standing by screwing the femoral head into the acetabulum

Question 1

What is the acetabular labrum?

Answer 1

a fibrocartilaginous lip that increases the depth of the acetabulum

Question 2

What ligaments reinforce the hip joint?

Answer 2

• iliofemoral ligament
• pubofemoral ligament
• ischiofemoral ligament

Question 3

Where is the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 3

arises from the obturator crest to the pubic bone and passes laterally and inferiorly to merge with the fibrous layer of the joint capsule

Question 4

What does the pubofemoral ligament do?

Answer 4

tightens during extension and abduction of the hip joint, resists excessive abduction of the hip

Question 5

Where is the ischiofemoral ligament?

Answer 5

arises from the ischial part of the acetabular rim and spirals superolaterally to the neck of the femur, medial to the base of the greater trochanter

Question 6

What is the ligament of head of femur?

Answer 6

primarily a synovial fold conducting a blood vessel, is weak and of little importance in strengthening the hip joint, contains a small artery to the head of the femur

Question 7

Where is the ligament of the head of the femur?

Answer 7

attaches to the margins of the acetabular notch and the transverse acetabular ligaments (wide end)

(narrow end): attaches to the femur at the fovea for the ligament of the head of the femur

Question 8

Where is the iliotibial tract? (IT band)

Answer 8

extends from the iliac tubercle to the anterolateral tibial tubercle (Gerdy’s tubercle) on the lateral condyle of the tibia

Question 9

What is the IT band?

Answer 9

thickened fascia lata, is the aponeurosis of the tensor fasciae latae and gluteus maximus muscles

Question 10

The tendons of the 4 parts of the quadriceps unite in the distal part of the thigh to form….?

Answer 10

the quadriceps tendon

Question 11

Where is the patellar ligament?

Answer 11

attached to the tibial tuberosity, is the continuation of the quadriceps tendon in which the patella is embedded

Question 12

Where is the tibial collateral ligament? (MCL)

Answer 12

extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and superior part of the medial surface of the tibia

Question 13

What is the tibial collateral ligament?

Answer 13

it is a strong flat band

Question 14

Where is the fibular collateral ligament? (LCL)

Answer 14

extends inferior from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula

-the tendon of the popliteus passes deep to the LCL, separating it from the lateral meniscus, splits the biceps femoris into 2 parts

Question 15

What is the fibular collateral ligament?

Answer 15

a rounded and cord-like structure, and is strong

Question 16

What do the collateral ligaments of the knee do?

Answer 16

are taut when the knee is fully extended, however, as flexion proceeds, they become increasingly slack, permitting rotation at the knee

Question 17

What are the menisci of the knee joint?

Answer 17

Crescentic plates of fibrocartilage on the articular surface of the tibia that deepens the surface and play a role in shock absorption.

Firmly attached at their ends to the intercondylar area of the tibia, their external margins attach to the fibrous later of the capsule of the knee joint

Question 18

What is the oblique popliteal ligament?

Answer 18

a reflected expansion of the tendon of the smimembranosus that strengthens the joint capsule posteriorly

Question 19

Where is the oblique popliteal ligament?

Answer 19

Arises posterior to the medial tibial condyle and passes superolaterally to attach to the central part of the posterior aspect of the joint capsule

Question 20

Where is the arcuate popliteal ligament?

Answer 20

Arises from the posterior aspect of the fibular head, passes superomedially over the tendon of the popliteus and spreads over the posterior surface of the knee joint

Question 21

Where is the anterior cruciate ligament? (ACL)

Answer 21

arises from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia, just posterior to the attachment of the medial meniscus, attaches to the posterior part of the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 22

What does the ACL do?

Answer 22

is the weaker of the 2 cruciate ligaments, limits posterior rolling of the femoral condyles on the tibia during flexion, prevents hyperextension, has poor blood supply

Question 23

Where is the posterior cruciate ligament? (PCL)

Answer 23

arises from the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia, passes superiorly and anteriorly on the medial side of the ACL to attach to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur

Question 24

What does the PCL do?

Answer 24

limits the anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia during extension,, prevents hyperflexion of the knee -the main stabilizing factor for the femur, stronger than the ACL

Question 25

What is the interosseous membrane of the anterior/lateral leg?

Answer 25

it joins the shafts of the tibia and fibula, the fibers runs inferiorly from the tibia to the fibula, resisting the downward pull placed on the fibula by most muscles attached to it

Question 26

What is the superior extensor retinaculum?

Answer 26

a strong, broad band of deep fascia passing from the fibula to the tibia, proximal to the malleoli

Question 27

What is the inferior extensor retinaculum?

Answer 27

a Y shaped band of deep fascia, attaches laterally to the anerosuperior surface of the calcaneus and medially to the medial malleolus and medial cuneiform - forms a strong loop around the tendons of the fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum longus muscles

Question 28

What reinforces the ankle joint laterally?

Answer 28

the lateral ligament of the ankle

Question 29

What makes up the lateral ligament of the ankle?

Answer 29

1. anterior talofibular ligament 2. posterior talofibular ligament 3. calcaneofibular ligament

Question 30

What is the anterior talofibular ligament?

Answer 30

a flat, weak band that extends anteromedially from the lateral malleolus to the neck of the talus

Question 31

What is the posterior talofibular ligament?

Answer 31

a thick, fairly strong band that runs horizontally medially and slightly posteriorly from the malleolar fossa of the fibula to the lateral tubercle of the talus

Question 32

What is the calcaneofibular ligament?

Answer 32

a round cord that passes postero-inferiorly from the tip of the lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneus

Question 33

What reinforces the ankle medially?

Answer 33

medial ligament of the ankle

Question 34

What is the medial ligament of the ankle? (deltoid ligament)

Answer 34

large and strong, stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion and prevents dislocation, attaches proximally to the medial malleolus and fans out from it to attach distally to the talus, calcaneus and navicular via 4 parts: 1. tibionavicular part 2. tibiocalcaneal part 3. anterior tibiotalar part 4. posterior tibiotalar part

Question 35

What are the major ligaments of the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 35

1. plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament 2. long plantar ligament 3. plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament

Question 36

Where is the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament?

Answer 36

extends across and fills a wedge shaped gap between the sustentaculum tali and the inferior margin of the posterior articular surface of the navicular

Question 37

What does the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament do?

Answer 37

supports the head of the talus and plays an important role in the transfer of weight from the talus and in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 38

Where is the long plantar ligament?

Answer 38

passes from the plantar surface of the calcaneus to the groove on the cuboid (some fibers extend to the bases of the metatarsals, forming a tunnel for the fibularis longus)

Question 39

What does the long plantar ligament do?

Answer 39

important in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 40

Where is the plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament?

Answer 40

deep to the long plantar ligament, extends from the anterior aspect of the inferior surface of the calcaneus to the inferior surface of the cuboid

Question 41

What does the plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament do?

Answer 41

involved in maintaining the longitudinal arch of the foot