Exam 4 Leg/Foot Muscles Flashcards
(187 cards)
0
Q
Insertion of the gluteus maximus?
A
iliotibial tract which inserts into lateral condyle of the tibia, gluteal tuberosity of the femur
1
Q
Gluteus maximus origin?
A
ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
2
Q
Innervation of the gluteus maximus?
A
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
3
Q
What is the action of the gluteus maximus?
A
extends hip joint between flexed and standing positions and assists in its lateral rotation, steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting postition
4
Q
What is the origin of the gluteus medius?
A
external surfaces of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
5
Q
What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?
A
lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
6
Q
What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
7
Q
What is the action of the gluteus medius?
A
Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
8
Q
What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?
A
external surface of ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
9
Q
What is the insertion of the gluteal minimus?
A
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of the femur
10
Q
What is the innervation of the gluteal minimus?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
11
Q
What is the action of the gluteus minimus?
A
Abduct and anterior portions medially rotate hip joint, keep pelvis level when opposite limb is elevated
12
Q
What is the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?
A
ASIS and anterior part of iliac crest
13
Q
What is the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae?
A
iliotibial tract, which attaches to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy tubercle)
14
Q
What is the innervation of the tensor fasciae latae?
A
Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
15
Q
What is the action of the tensor fasciae latae?
A
Flexes hip joint, acts with gluteus maximus to stabilize the extended knee joint
16
Q
What is the origin of the piriformis?
A
anterior surface of 2nd-4th sacral segments, superior margin of greater sciatic notch and sacrotuberous ligament
17
Q
What is the insertion of the piriformis?
A
Superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur
18
Q
What is the innervation of the piriformis?
A
Branches of anterior rami of S1, S2
19
Q
What is the action of the piriformis?
A
Laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip joint, steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
20
Q
What is the origin of the obturator internus?
A
Pelvic surface of ilium and ischium, obturator membrane
21
Q
What is the insertion of the obturator internus?
A
Medial surface of the greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of the femur
22
Q
What is the innervation of the obturator internus?
A
Nerve to the obturator internus (L5, S1)
23
Q
What is the action of the obturator internus?
A
Laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip joint, steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
24
What is the origin of the gemelli? (superior and inferior aspects)
superior: ischial spine
inferior: ischial tuberosity
25
What is the insertion of the gemelli?
medial surface of the greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of the femur
26
What is the innervation of the gemelli? (superior and inferior)
superior: nerve to the obturator internus (L5, S1)
inferior: nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
27
What is the action of the gemelli?
laterally rotate extended hip joint, abduct flexed hip joint, steady femoral head in acetabulum (stabilizes hip joint)
28
What is the origin of quadratus femoris?
lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
29
What is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?
quadrate tubercle on the intertochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it
30
What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?
nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
31
What is the action of the quadratus femoris?
Laterally rotates hip joint, also pull femoral head into acetabulum to stabilize hip joint and pelvis
32
What is the origin of pectineus?
superior ramus of pubis
33
What is the insertion of pectineus?
pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter
34
What is the innervation of pectineus?
Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
35
What is the action of the pectineus?
Adducts and flexes hip joint, assists with medial rotation of hip joint
36
What is the origin of sartorius?
ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it
37
What is the insertion of sartorius?
superior part of medial surface of tibia
38
What is the innervation of sartorius?
Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
39
What is the action of the sartorius?
Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates hip joint, flexes knee joint
40
What muscles make up the iliopsoas?
psoas major, iliacus
41
What is the origin of the psoas major?
sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs between them, transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae
42
What is the insertion of the psoas major?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
43
What is the innervation of the psoas major?
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3)
44
What is the action of the psoas major?
Action conjointly in flexing hip joint and in stabilizing this joint, helps control deviation of the trunk and is active during standing (is a postural muscle)
45
What muscle is a postural muscle?
Psoas major
46
What is the origin of the iliacus?
iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
47
What is the insertion of the iliacus?
tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter and femur distal to it
48
What is the innervation of the iliacus?
femoral nerve (L2, L3)
49
What is the action of the iliacus?
acting conjointly in flexing hip joint and in stabilizing this joint
50
What makes up the quadriceps femoris?
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
51
What is the origin of rectus femoris?
AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum
52
What is the insertion of the quadriceps femoris?
via common tendinous (quadriceps tendon) and independent attachments to base of the patella, indirectly through the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity
53
What is the innervation of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
54
What is the action of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
Extends knee joint, rectus femoris also stabilizes hip joint and helps iliopsoas flex hip joint
55
What is the origin of the vastus lateralis?
greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera
56
What is the origin of the vastus medialis?
Interochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera
57
What is the origin of the vastus intermedius?
Anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur
58
What are the medial thigh muscles?
```
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
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59
What is the origin of adductor longus?
body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
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What is the insertion of adductor longus?
middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
61
What is the innervation of the adductor longus?
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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What is the action of the adductor longus?
adducts hip joint
63
What is the origin of the adductor brevis?
body and inferior ramus of pubis
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What is the insertion of the adductor brevis?
Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femus
65
What is the innervation of the adductor brevis?
obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
66
What is the action of the adductor brevis?
Adducts hip joint and to some extent flexes it
67
What is the origin of adductor magnus? (adductor and hamstring parts)
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity
68
What is the insertion of the adductor magnus? (adductor and hamstring parts)
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur
69
What is the innervation of the adductor magnus? (adductor and hamstring parts)
Adductor: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Hamstring: tibial part of sciatic nerve (L4)
70
What is the action of the adductor magnus?
Adducts hip joint, its adductor part also flexes hip joint, and its hamstring part extends it
71
What is the origin of the gracilis?
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
72
What is the insertion of the gracilis?
superior part of medial surface of the tibia
73
What is the innervation of the gracilis?
obturator nerve (L2, L3)
74
What is the action of the gracilis?
Adducts hip joint, flexes knee joint and helps rotate it medially
75
What is the origin of the obturator externus?
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane
76
What is the insertion of the obturator externus?
trochanteric fossa of the femur
77
What is the innervation of the obturator externus?
Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
78
What is the action of the obturator externus?
Laterally rotates hip join, pulls head of femur into actetabulum holding pelvis steady
79
What are the muscles of the posterior thigh?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris (long head and short heads)
80
What is the origin of the semitendinosus?
ischial tuberosity
81
What is the insertion of the semitendinosus?
medial surface of superior part of tibia
82
What is the innervation of the semitendinosus?
tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
83
What is the action of the semitendinosus?
extend hip joint, flex knee joint and rotate the leg medially when knee is flexed, when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk
84
What is the origin of the semimembranosus?
ischial tuberosity
85
What is the insertion of the semimembranosus?
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia, reflected attachment form oblique popliteal ligament (to lateral femoral condyle)
86
What is the innervation of the semimembranosus?
Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
87
What is the action of the semimembranosus?
extend hip joint, flex knee joint and rotate the leg medially when knee is flexed, when hip and knee are flexed, can extend trunk
88
What is the origin of the biceps femoris (long and short heads)?
Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur
89
What is the insertion of the biceps femoris (long and short heads)?
Lateral side of head of fibula, tendon is split at this site by fibular collateral ligament of knee
90
What is the innervation of the biceps femoris (long and short heads)?
Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
91
What is the action of the biceps femoris?
Flexes knee joint and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed, extends hip joint (e.g., when starting to walk)
92
What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?
Lateral condyle and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
93
What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?
Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
94
What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior?
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
95
What is the action of the tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
96
What are the muscles of the anterior compartments of the leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
97
What is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus?
Middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
98
What is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of the great toe (hallux)
99
What is the innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
100
What is the action of the extensor hallucis longus?
Extends great toe, dorsiflexes ankle
101
What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?
Lateral condyle of tibia and superior 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
102
What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
103
What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
104
What is the action of the extensor digitorum longus?
Extends lateral 4 digits, dorsiflexes ankle
105
What is the origin of the fibularis tertius?
Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
106
What is the insertion of the fibularis tertius?
Dorsum of base of the 5th metacarpal
107
What is the innervation of the fibularis tertius?
Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
108
What is the action of the fibularis tertius?
Dorsiflexes ankle, aids in eversion of the foot
109
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
| Fibularis brevis
110
What is the origin of the fibularis longus?
Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of the fibula
111
What is the insertion of the fibularis longus?
Base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
112
What is the innervation of the fibularis longus?
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
113
What is the action of the fibularis longus?
Evert foot, weakly plantarflex ankle, supports transverse arch of the foot
114
What is the origin of the fibularis brevis?
Middle part of the lateral surface of the fibula
115
What is the insertion of the fibularis brevis?
Dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of the 5th metatarsal
116
What is the innervation of the fibularis brevis?
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
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What is the action of the fibularis brevis?
Evert foot, weakly plantarflex ankle
118
What are the superficial gluteal muscles?
Maximus, medius and minimus
119
Which muscle of the posterior thigh is not considered a hamstring?
Short head of the biceps femoris
120
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?
lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur
medial head: popliteal surface of femur, superior to medial condyle
121
What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcanues tendon
122
What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve (S1,S2)
123
What is the action of the gastrocnemius?
Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended, raises heel during walking, and flexes knee joint
124
What is the origin of the soleus?
Posterior aspect of head of fibula, superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula, soleal line and medial border of the tibia
125
What is the insertion of the soleus?
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
126
What is the innervation of the soleus?
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
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What is the action of the soleus?
Plantarflexes ankle, steadies leg on foot
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What is the origin of the plantaris?
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of the femur and oblique popliteal ligament
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What is the insertion of the plantaris?
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via calcaneal tendon?
130
What is the innervation of the plantaris?
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
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What is the action of the plantaris?
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle, function is probably mainly proprioceptive
132
What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?
Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and inferior part of interosseous membrane
133
What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?
Base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
134
What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus?
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
135
What is the action of flexor hallucis longus?
Flexes great toe at all joints, weakly plantarflexes ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
136
What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and by a broad tendon to fibula
137
What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
138
What is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus?
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
139
What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?
Flexes lateral 4 digits, plantarflexes ankle, supports longitudinal arches of the foot
140
What is the origin of tibialis posterior?
Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and posterior surface of fibula
141
What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?
Primarily to tuberosity of navicular, also to cuneiforms cuboid, and bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
142
What is the innervation of tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
143
What is the action of tibialis posterior?
Plantarflexes ankle, inverts foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
144
What is the origin of the popliteus?
lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus (intra-articular, within cavity of knee joint)
145
What is the insertion of the popliteus?
Posterior surface of the tibia, superior to soleal line
146
What is the innervation of popliteus?
tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
147
What is the action of popliteus?
weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia, may also medially rotate tibia of unplanted limb
148
What is the origin of abductor hallucis?
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis
149
What is the insertion of abductor hallucis?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
150
What is the innervation of abductor hallucis?
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
151
What is the action of abductor hallucis?
Abducts and flexes 1st digit (great toe, hallux)
152
What is the origin of flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis and intermuscular septa
153
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum brevis?
Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
154
What is the innervation of flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
155
What is the action of flexor digitorum brevis?
Flexes lateral 4 digits
156
What is the origin of abductor digiti minimi?
Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, and intermuscular septa
157
What is the insertion of abductor digiti minimi?
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
158
What is the innervation of abductor digit minimi?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
159
What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?
Abducts and flexes 5th digiti
160
What is the 1st layer of the muscles of the sole of the foot?
1. abductor hallucis
2. flexor digitorum brevis
3. abductor digiti minimi
161
What is the origin of quadratus plantae?
Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
162
What is the insertion of quadratus plantae?
Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
163
What is the innervation of quadratus plantae?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
164
What is the action of quadratus plantae?
Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits
165
What is the origin of lumbricals?
Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
166
What is the insertion of the lumbricals?
Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
167
What is the innervation of lumbricals?
Medial 1: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
Lateral 3: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
168
What is the action of the lumbricals?
Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
169
What is the origin of flexor hallucis brevis?
Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
170
What is the insertion of flexor hallucis brevis?
Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
171
What is the innervation of flexor hallucis brevis?
Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)
172
What is the action of flexor hallucis brevis?
Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
173
What is the origin of adductor hallucis?
Oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4
Transverse head: plantar ligaments of 3rd-5th metatarsophalangeal joints
174
What is the insertion of adductor hallucis?
Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
175
What is the innervation of adductor hallucis?
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
176
What is the action of adductor hallucis?
Adducts 1st digit, assists in maintaining transverse arch of foot
177
How many plantar interossei are there?
3 muscles
178
What is the origin of plantar interossei?
Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5
179
What is the insertion of plantar interossei?
Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3rd-5th digitis
180
What is the innervation of plantar interossei?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
181
What is the action of plantar interossei?
Adduct digits (3-5) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
182
How many dorsal interossei are there?
4 muscles
183
What is the origin of dorsal interossei?
Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5
184
What is the insertion of dorsal interossei?
First: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits
185
What is the innervation of dorsal interossei?
Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)
186
What is the action of dorsal interossei?
Abduct digits (2-4) and flex metatarsophalangeal joints
