Exam #4 High Yield Flashcards
(171 cards)
1
Q
inc hCG and AFP
A
embryonal carcinoma
2
Q
inc AFP
A
yolk sac
3
Q
inc hCG
A
choriocarcinoma
4
Q
finestaride MOA
A
inhibit 5a reductase (testosterone -> DHT)
-treats BPH
5
Q
Prostate Cancer mutations
A
BRCA2
PTEN
HOB13
TP53
6
Q
AMACR
A
prostate cancer identifier
7
Q
where does prostate cancer travel 1st (LN)
A
obturator LN
8
Q
time period to fix cryptorchism
infertility
malignancy
A
infertility: 18 months
malignancy: puberty
9
Q
blue dot sign + torsion
A
mullarian duct remnant
10
Q
spermatocele involves
A
epidiymus
11
Q
Tamsulosin
A
urinary specific a blocker that dilates SM around prostate (BPH treatment)
12
Q
Acute/Chronic prostitis treatment
A
quinolones
13
Q
endometrial hyperplasia mutation
A
PTEN
14
Q
Mastitis treatment
A
dicloxacillin
cephalexin
clindamycin
15
Q
Endometria carcinoma
type 1
type 2
A
type 1: arise from endometrial hyperplasia (endometriod)
-PTEN
type 2: arise from endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (clear/serous)
-P53
16
Q
leimyoma metastasis
A
lungs
17
Q
leiomyosarcoma mutation
A
MED12
18
Q
Cystadenocarcinoma associations
A
psammona bodies
inc CA-125
19
Q
inc LDH and hCG
A
dysgerminoma
20
Q
Call Exner bodies and coffee bean nuclei
A
granulose cell tumor
21
Q
granulose cell tumor mutation
A
FOXL2
22
Q
Meiger’s Syndrome includes
A
ovarian fibroma, ascites, pleural effusion
23
Q
Menorrhagia
Metrorrhagia
Menometrorrhagia
Oligomenorrhe
A
Menorrhagia: prolonged/heavy bleeding at reg intervals
Metrorrhagia: uterine bleeding at irregular intervals
Menometrorrhagia: prolonged/heavy bleeding at irregular intervals
Oligomenorrhe: uterine bleeding at intervals >35 days
24
Q
inc risk for adenomyosis
A
C section
25
CEA is a marker for
ovarian mucinous tumor
26
Most common place for accessory breast
axilla
27
cause gynecomastia
```
spironolactone
cimetidine
flutamide
liver disease
marijuana
hypogonadism
```
28
Candida treatment
fluconazole
29
clear chest Xray w severe symptoms
pneumocystis
30
inc LDH pneumonia
pneumocystis
31
pneumocystis agar
giemsa
32
pneumocystis treatment
high TMP-SMX
| -can get worse before better w treatment
33
pneumocystis is associated w
pneumothorax
34
cryptoneoformin stain
mucicarmine (narrow based budding)
35
cryptococcus neoforman treatment
Amp B + flucytosine -> fluconazole
36
Amp -> intraconazole treatment
blasto
histo
coccidiodes
37
animal feces
toxo
38
retinitis and esophageal ulcers and treatment
CMV
| -'ciclovar
39
multilobar pneumonia in HIV patient most commonly
strep pneumo
| haemophilus inf
40
frontal lobe lesion
toxo
41
toxo treatment
sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
42
retinitis and encephalitis
toxo
43
somatostatin dec
GH and TSH
44
ant. pit adenoma histo
uniform
cellular monomorphism
lack reticulum and supportive stroma
45
pituitary carcinoma mutation
HRAS and Rb
46
Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma
children
CTNNB1 mutation
wet keratin, machine oil cyst
47
Papillary Craniopharyngioma
adult
| BRAF V600 mutation
48
B1 def
thiamine
| beriberi, Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome
49
B3 excess
niacin
| Flushing
50
Vitamine D def
rickets, osteomalacia, hypocalcemia tetani
51
vitamine C excess
calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis
52
what drug to not use w ginseng
warfin
53
Vitamin helps absorb
iron
54
what should be taken w proton pump inhibitors
B12
55
don't take .... w statins
niacin
56
Lead treatment
succimer
57
mercury treatment
succimer or dimercaperol
58
copper treatment
penicillinase
59
iron treatment
deferoxamine (IV)
| deferasirax (oral)
60
arsenic treatment
dimercaprol
61
EDTA can cause
renal failure
62
garlic odor
| rice water stool
arsenic poisoning
63
swollen painful thyroid, hyperthyroidism and treatment
thyroiditis
| -NSAIDs and glucocorticoids
64
painless goiter, hyperthyroidism
amiodorone thyroiditis
65
thyroglossal duct remanent arises from
1st and 2nd pharyngeal pouch
66
radioactive iodine
| Grave's vs. thyroiditis
Grave's: inc uptake
| Thyroiditis: dec uptake
67
phyllode tumor chromosome
chromosome 1
68
```
DCIS
comedo
cribriform
papillary
solid
```
comedo: central necrosis
cribriform: punch out
papillary
solid
69
speculated on histo and peau d' orange
NOS IDC
70
lymphocytic infiltrate IDC
medullary IDC
71
single file
invasive lobular carcinoma
72
cauliflower
intraductal papilloma
73
chlamydia stages
1st elementary body (infect
| 2nd reticular body (replicate)
74
WBC in discharge but no bacteria
chlamydia
75
watery discharge
chlamydia
76
chlamydia treatment
azithromycin
77
gonnorhea treatment
ceftriaxone
78
DGI treatment
ceftriazone and azithromycin for 7-14 days
79
yellow green discharge
gonorrhea
80
DGI symptoms
hand lesions, septic arthritis, flexor tenosynovitis
81
trichomonas vaginalis
strawberry cervix
swimming
>4.5 pH
82
bacterial vaginosis
+ whiff test
| clue cells
83
hard painless chancre
primary syphilis
84
false positive for RPR (nontreponomal test)
SLE
| RA
85
syphilis treatment
benzathine penicillin (want 4 fold dec)
86
Jarisch Herxheimer reaction
febrile reaction after syphilis treatment
87
prozone phenomena
so many antigens, antibodies don't bind to test antigen
| -dilute sample
88
school of fish
haemophilus ducreyi
89
soft painful chancre
haemophilus ducreyi
90
safety pin on geimsa stain
```
klebsiella granulomatis (granuloma inguinale)
-no skin left on balls
```
91
disseminated Mac treatment
azithromycin
92
CXR4
| CCR5
CXR4: CD4+ cells
CCR5: macrophages
93
env
gp120
| gp41
94
pol
integrase
protease
reverse transcriptase
95
<500
<200
<100
<500: candida, HHV-8
<200: pneumocystis
<100: cryptococcus, toxo, MAC
96
HIV viral windos
3-6 weeks
| positive patient test negative
97
ApoE4 Mutation association
dementia in HIV patients
98
hiv rash
start at neck -> rest of body
- oral ulcers
- retro-orbital headache
99
ataznavir and indinavir adverse effect
crystalluria
100
cobistat adverse effect
inc creatinine
101
abacavir adverse effect
inc MI
| HLA B5701
102
AIDs determining illnesses
mycobacteria and pneumocystis anywhere
| everything else must be extra pulmonary or disseminated
103
hyperaldosterone diagnosis
>20:1 (aldosteron:renin)
| -young patients w hypokalemia and dec renin
104
Licorice
inhibits 11HSD -> inc aldosterone
105
Liddle syndrome
gain of function mutation leading to inc Na+ absorption and inc K+ secretion
106
Tb can lead to
adrenal insuf
107
3B-HSD def
inc DHEA
| dec everything else
108
thyroid adenoma histo
completely encapsulated
109
orphan Annie eye nuclei
| psammoma bodies
thyroid papillary carcinoma
110
thyroid papillary carcinoma mutation
RET translocation/inversion
| BRAF
111
invades capsule
| monitor thyroglubin for recurrence
thyroid follicular carcinoma
112
thyroid follicular carcinoma mutation
Pax8/PPARG translocation
| RAS mutation
113
amyloid
| high CEA and calcitonin
thyroid medullary carcinoma
114
thyroid medullary carcinoma mutation
RET1 point mutation
115
inc 11C-metomidate-PET
adrenocortical adenocarcinoma
116
Rulle of 10
pheochromocytoma
- extra medullary
- metastasis
- bilateral
- NOT associated w HTN
117
pheochromocytoma characterized
turns brown w potassium dichromate
zellballen pattern
adults
benign
118
neuroblastoma characterization
homer-wright pseudo rosettes
neurofilament stain
children
119
MEN1 mutation
MEN1 chromosome 11
120
MEN2A mutation
RET mutation
121
MEN2B association
Mayan habitus
122
glucagon association
```
necrolytic migratory erythema
niacin def (pellagra)
```
123
VIPoma sympotoms
water diarrhea
hypokalemia
dehydration
124
Von Hippel Lindau Disease
VHL mutation on chromosome 3
| pheochromocytoma, hemiangioblastoma (retinal), renal carcinoma
125
oxytocin and ADH pathway
Gq -> IP3 + DAG -> inc Ca2+
126
Levothyroxine should be take how
on empty stomach
127
CYP11A1
cholesterol -> pregnolone
128
anti smith
SLE
129
schirmer's test
sjogen's
130
anti-Ro/SS-A
| anti-La/SS-B
sjogen's
131
speckled ANA
sjogen's
| MCTD
132
anti-RNP
MCTD
133
anti-centromere
CREST
134
anti-cardiolipin
antiphospholipid
135
anti-histone
drug induce SLE
136
drug induced SLE drugs
hydralazine
procainamide
quinidine
137
HLA-B27 disease
ankylosis spondylitis
psoritatic arthritis
Reiter's syndrome
enteropathic reactive arthritis
138
non migrating arthritis
post strep arthritis
| -10 days
139
migrating arthritis
Rheumatic fever
| -21 days
140
enteropathic reactive arthritis
I
II
I: mono/oligarthritis
II: polyarthritis
141
anti-CCP
RA
142
Plolymyalgia rheumatica
>50
painful
normal CK
**low does steroids
143
Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
```
40-50
weakness
inc CK
-high dose steroids
-azathioprine
```
144
Polymyositis only
CD8+
endomysial
no skin involvement
145
Dermatomyositis only
CD4+
perimysial
skin involvement
146
anti-Jo and
anti-SRP
| anti-Mi-2
147
relapsing polychondritis symptoms and treatment
ear, nose, or eye inflammation
- saddle nose
* *NSAIDs
148
Bechet's Disease symptoms
oral ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis caused by leukocytoclastic vasculitis
149
pathergy test
behcet's disease
150
rheumatoid treatment
hydroxychloroquine
methotrexate
cyclophosphamide
JAK/STAT inhibitor
151
hydroxychloroquine adverse effect
color blindness
152
cyclophosphamide adverse effect
leukopenia
153
interstitial lung diseases
SLE
Dermatomyositis
Scleroderma
154
inslinoma symptoms and treatment
hypoglycemia
inc insulin and C peptide
temporary relief by eat/drink
-GH
155
Glucogonoma symptoms and treatment
necrolytic migratory erythema
diarrhea
hyperglycemia
-ocreotide
156
somatostainoma symptoms and treatment
dec gut motility
dec gallbladder secretion
dec insulin
-ocreotide
157
carcinoid diagnosis
5-HIAA in urine
| niacin def. -> pellagra
158
Neonatal Type 1 diabete mutation
GATA6
159
type 2 diabetes insulin resistance
failure to inhibit gluconeogensis
failure of glucose uptake
failure to inhibit hormone sensitive lipase (TAGs -> FA)
FA accumulation in Macrophages
160
sorbitol builds up in
neurons
lens
retinal vessels
161
diabetes vessel symptoms cause
non enzymatic glycosilation
162
giant cell diagnosis
new headache, jaw pain, visual disturbances
fragmentation of elastin in tunica lamina
skin lesions
163
Raynaud's presents 1st in
CREST
164
enlarged vessels in nail folds
scleroderma
165
ESR is elevated in
MCTD
166
PAN symptoms
palpable purpura
renal issues
peripheral neuropathy
167
Kawasaki's symptoms
```
asian child
fever
strawberry tongue
conjunctivitis
-CA aneurysm
```
168
Beurger's syndromen symptoms
Smoker
Raynaud's
tingling in finger/toes
gangrene
169
Churg Strauss symptoms
asthma
hypereosinophilia
vasculitis
170
Henoch purpura symptoms
buttock palpable purpura
hematuria
GI pain
-follow URI
171
Cryoglobinemia symptoms
immune complex spontaneously precipitate at low body temps
- associated w hep C
- + cryoglobulin test
