malnutrition insufficient optimal excess malnutrition

Nursing Interventions for nutrition 5

medical nutrition therapy basic therapeutic diets dietary supplements tube feedings collaboration w/ dietitian

Exam 4 Nutrition Flashcards by Courtney Burke

Definition

Nutrition

Giddens

the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on health and disease

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Definition

Nutrition

Yoost

It is the body’s intake and use of adequate amounts of necessary nutrients for tissue growth and energy production

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Definition

Malnutrition

Imbalance in the amount of nutrient intake and the body’s needs

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Definition

Nutrients

The necessary substances obtained from ingesting food that supply the body with energy; build and maintain bones, muscles, and skin; and aid in the normal growth and function of each system

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Definition

Macronutrients

kcal energy containing nutrients (carbs/proteins/fats).

Alcohol is considered kcal
but not macro bc it can’t support function

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Scope

Nutrition

malnutrition
insufficient
optimal
excess
malnutrition

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Definition

Micronutrients

vitamins and minerals- required in minute amounts

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Age Related Changes

Expected

decreased ability to…
* ingest
* absorb
* metabolize
* chew
* produce saliva
* taste

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Age Related Changes

Unexpected

Decreased function in
* Liver
* Gallbladder
* Pancreas

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Nursing Interventions for nutrition

medical nutrition therapy
basic therapeutic diets
dietary supplements
tube feedings
collaboration w/ dietitian

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Diets

Clear Liquid

What is it and who is it for

-no pulp
for pre-op (short period of time)

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Diets

Full Liquid

What is it and who is it for

-foods liquid at room temp
for temporary post-op

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Diets

Pureed

What is it and who is it for

“blended”
for pt’s who can’t safely chew

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Diets

Mechanical soft

What is it and who is it for

-modified food consistency
for pt’s w/ difficulty chewing effectively

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Diets

Thickened liquids

What is it and who is it for

-thickening agent added to avoid aspiration
for pt’s at risk for aspiration

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Diets

Regular Diet

What is it and who is it for

“diet as tolerated”
for pt’s with no restrictions

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Diets

Diabetic

What is it and who is it for

-(ADA), controlled carb intake
for diabetics

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Diets

Cardiac Diet

What is it and who is it for

-low cholesterol, low sodium
for pt’s with HTN, elevated cholesterol, or artherosclerosis

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Diets

Renal Diet

What is it and who is it for

-Restricts potassium, sodium, protein and phosphorus
for renal impairment

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BMI

Underweight

<18.5

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BMI

Overweight

25 - 29.9

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BMI

Obesity Class 1

30 - 34.9

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BMI

Obesity Class 2

Study These Flashcards

35 - 39.9

BMI

Obesity Class 3

Study These Flashcards

> 40

# Percentile Pediatric overweight

85th - 95th

# Percentile Pediatric Obesity

> 95th

# Obesity Risk Factors

* having pediatric obesity * non-hispanic black teen

# Obesity ABCDs | 10

* airway * breathing * backs * bias * circulation * decubitus ulcers * drugs * diagnosis * diet * durable medical equipment

# Bariatric Surgery Complications Dumping syndrome | and accompanying sx's

undigested contents of stomach transported/dumped into small intestine too quickly | Sx's: diarrhea, sweating, tachycardia, and severe hypotension

# Bariatric Surgery Complications Delayed Wound Healing | 2

* infection * wound dehiscence

# Enteral Feeding For what kind of patient? | Duration

Short term, for patients w/ functional GI tract but can not swallow or need additional nutrients

# Enteral Feeding NG Tube | Duration?

Through a nare into the stomach short term

# Enteral Feeding PEG | Duration?

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Tube placed in LUQ longer term

# Enteral Feeding PEG inedicated for what pt? | 4

* neuologocally impaired * condition affecting the stomach * esophageal cancer * trauma to nose and mouth

# Parenteral Feeding TPN given through what | 2

* PICC- peripherally inserted central cath * CVC- central venous cath (both through pump)

# Parenteral Feeding TPN indicated for?

non-fuctioning GI tract

# Parenteral Feeding TPN Disadvantages | 5

* does not preserve GI tract well * more expensive * site infection * air embolism * dislodgement

# Parenteral Feeding TPN monitoring | 6

* weight * CBC * glucose * electrolytes * BUN * I&O

# Parenteral Feeding TPN Safety

* formula and tubing assess daily for contamination * tubing marked so nothing else is put in it * tubing changed q24hrs * site changed q48 hrs * assess signs/sx's of infection

# BUN What is it? What does it test for?

Blood Urea Nitrogen * meaures kidney function

# BUN Normal Range? Abnormal Indications? | 4 elevated, 3 low

Range: 7-20 mg/dL * Elevated= dehydration/starvation, artherosclerosis, kidney injury, escess protein intake * Low= fluid overload, decreased liver function, low protein

# Albumin What does it test for?

* Assesses plasma protein levels * determines liver funciton

# Albumin Normal Range? Abnormal Indications?

Range: 3.5-5.0 * Elevated= dehydration, exercise, or meds * Low= renal/liver disorders, meds, chronic disease, malnutrition

# Pre-albumin What does it test for?

amount of protein in the internal organs (determines nutrition status)

# Pre-albumin Normal Range? Abnormal Indications?

Range: 16-30 mg/dL * < 11mg/dL = malnutrition * Low= stress, inflammation, surgery, renal failure

# Hgb What is it? What does it test for?

Hemoglobin * RBCs ability to supply oxygen * indicates body's iron-store status

# Hgb Normal Range? Abnormal Indications? | M vs F

Range: * M= 14-17.4 mg/dL * F= 12-16 mg/dL Low= depleted iron stores, less O2 available (sxs show fatigue, pallor, SOB, increased RR)

# Hct What is it? What does it test for?

Hematocrit * # and % of RBCs

# Hct Normal Range? Abnormal Indications? | M vs F

Range: * M=42-52% * F= 36-48% Low= anemia (type of anemia is determined by shape and size of RBCs)

# Transferrin What does it test for?

test is sensitive to changes in iron and protein stores

# Transferrin Normal Range? Abnormal Indications?

Range: 200-400 mg/dL * Elevated= fasting, chronic infection, inflammation, burns, anemia

What labs may indicate dehydration? | 3

Elevated... * BUN * Creatinine * Albumin

# RBC Normal Range? | M vs F

M= 4.5-5.5 x 10^6 F= 4.0-5.0 x 10^6 | units= cells/mm^3

# Anemia Signs/Sx's | 9

* pallor * fatigue * weakness * SOB w/ activity * exercise intolerance * palpitations * chest pain * dizziness * headache

# RBCs Nutrients essenial for RBC production | (3) and why they are needed

* Iron: critical for hemoglobin structure which carries the oxygen in RBCs * Folate: needed for DNA synthesis during RBC production * B12: involved in DNA synthesis and RBC maturation

# Nitrogen Balance Positive Balance

* protein intake balanced w/ output & storage * kidneys able to preserve protein

# Nirtogen Balance Negative Balance

Protein output exceeds intake * available protein not preserved by kidneys * increased need for protein (trauma, tissue breakdown, burns, srugery, etc)

Exam 4 Nutrition Flashcards

(57 cards)